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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-4-272-279</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">eetsvl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-1003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGICAL TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биотестирование водных растворов полифосфата аммония с использованием комплекса тест-организмов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biotesting of aqueous solutions of ammonium polyphosphate using a complex of test organisms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8983-4399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демышева</surname><given-names>Алина Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demysheva</surname><given-names>Alina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант 1-го курса биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «СГУ имени Н.Г. Чернышевского», 410012, г. Саратов, Россия</p><p>e-mail: alia_rosko@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1st-year Master’s student, Faculty of Biology, Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: alia_rosko@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alia_rosko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9237-974X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенкова</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenkova</surname><given-names>Mariya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант 1-го курса биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «СГУ имени Н.Г. Чернышевского», 410012, г. Саратов, Россия</p><p>e-mail: savenkova.maria.s@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1st-year Master’s student, Faculty of Biology, Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: savenkova.maria.s@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savenkova.maria.s@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-5305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошелева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosheleva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории химико-биологического мониторинга качества воды Саратовского МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 410022, г. Саратов, Россия</p><p>e-mail: irishka-kosheleva@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Monitoring of Water Quality, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: irishka-kosheleva@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irishka-kosheleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-484X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>Yuriy S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией химико-биологического мониторинга качества воды Саратовского МНЦ гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», кандидат биологических наук, 410022, г. Саратов, Россия</p><p>e-mail: yuran1989@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Monitoring of Water Quality, Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Saratov, 410022, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: yuran1989@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuran1989@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-0258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плешакова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleshakova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук; профессор кафедры биохимии и биофизики ФГБОУ ВО «СГУ имени Н.Г. Чернышевского», 410012, г. Саратов, Россия</p><p>e-mail: plekat@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: plekat@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plekat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. Чернышевского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены – филиал ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>272</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демышева А.Д., Савенкова М.С., Кошелева И.С., Гусев Ю.С., Плешакова Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демышева А.Д., Савенкова М.С., Кошелева И.С., Гусев Ю.С., Плешакова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demysheva A.D., Savenkova M.S., Kosheleva I.S., Gusev Y.S., Pleshakova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1003">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1003</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Полифосфат аммония (ПФА) широко применяют в качестве антипирена, удобрения, пищевой добавки и эмульгатора, поэтому изучение его экотоксичности по отношению к водным и почвенным организмам является актуальным.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В работе приведены результаты оценки токсического действия водных растворов при помощи ПФА в концентрациях 3,5, 17,5 и 35 мг/л, соответствующих 1, 5 и 10 предельно допустимой концентрации (ПДК) в воде для хозяйственно-питьевого водопользования, с помощью комплекса тест-организмов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены видовые различия по воздействию водных растворов ПФА на тест-организмы и дозозависимые эффекты. Водный раствор с концентрацией ПФА 3,5 мг/л не оказывал воздействия на развитие зелёной водоросли Chlorella vulgaris Beijer и на жизнеспособность ветвистоусых рачков Daphnia magna Straus. В то же время наблюдали дозозависимое ингибирование (на 57,6 и 69,3%) роста колонии C. vulgaris Beijer при повышении концентрации ПФА в водных растворах до 17,5 и 35 мг/л и гибель D. magna Straus (53,3% через 72 ч) при максимальной тестируемой концентрации. Токсическое действие водных растворов, содержащих ПФА во всех исследованных концентрациях, на ряску малую (Lemna minor L.) проявилось через 7 сут. экспозиции в виде снижения числа растений и содержания хлорофилла в листецах, увеличения числа корней и листецов.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Применение данных методов исследования возможно только в условиях специально оборудованной лаборатории при наличии квалифицированного персонала.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Расширены сведения о токсичности ПФА. Показано токсическое действие его растворов по отношению к водным тест-организмам: C. vulgaris Beijer, D. magna Straus и L. minor L. и отсутствие токсического воздействия на почвенный тест-микроорганизм Dietzia maris АМ3.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Протокол с использованием животных (Daphnia magna Straus) был одобрен Комитетом по этике научного медицинского центра ФГБОУ ВО «СГУ им. Н.Г. Чернышевского» (протокол № 12 от 23.12.2024 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Демышева А.Д. – проведение экспериментальных исследований, написание текста; Савенкова М.С.,  Кошелева И.С. – проведение экспериментальных исследований; Гусев Ю.С. – дизайн эксперимента, обработка и обсуждение результатов; Плешакова Е.В. – обсуждение результатов, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 14 января 2025 / Поступила после исправления: 26 марта 2025 / Принята в печать: 14 июля 2025 / Опубликована: 29 августа 202</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is widely used as a fire retardant, fertilizer, food additive and emulsifier, so it is relevant to study its ecotoxicity in relation to aquatic and soil organisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The paper presents the results of assessing the toxic effect of aqueous solutions of APP in concentrations of 3.5, 17.5 and 35 mg/l, corresponding to 1, 5 and 10 the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in water for domestic and drinking water use, using a complex of test organisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Species differences in the effects of aqueous solutions of APP on test organisms and dose-dependent effects were established. An aqueous solution with a concentration of 3.5 mg/l APP had no effect on the development of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and on the viability of the branchial crustaceans Daphnia magna Straus. At the same time, dose-dependent inhibition (by 57.6 and 69.3%) of C. vulgaris Beijer colony growth was observed with an increase in the concentration of APP in aqueous solutions to 17.5 and 35 mg/l and a death of D. magna Straus (53.3% after 72 h) at the maximum tested concentration. The toxic effect of aqueous solutions containing APP in all tested concentrations on the Lemna minor L. appeared after 7 days of exposure in the form of a decrease in the number of plants and the chlorophyll content in the leaves, and an increase in the number of roots and leaves.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The use of these methods is possible only in a specially equipped laboratory with qualified personnel.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data on the toxicity of APP have been expanded. The toxic effect of its solutions on the water test organisms C. vulgaris Beijer, D. magna Straus and L. minor L. and the absence of toxic effects on the soil test microorganism Dietzia maris AM3 have been shown.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards: Animal (Daphnia magna Straus) protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Scientific Medical Center of Saratov State University (protocol No. 12 dated December 23, 2024).</p></sec><sec><title>Authors’ contribution</title><p>Authors’ contribution: Demysheva A.D. – conducting experimental studies, writing the text; Savenkova M.S., Kosheleva I.S. – conducting experimental studies; Gusev Yu.S. – design of the study, processing and discussion of the results; Pleshakova E.V. – discussion of the results, writing and editing the text. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: January 14, 2025 / Revised: March 26, 2025 / Accepted: July 14, 2025 / Published: August 29, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полифосфат аммония</kwd><kwd>экотоксичность</kwd><kwd>Dietzia maris АМ3</kwd><kwd>Chlorella vulgaris Beijer</kwd><kwd>Daphnia magna Straus</kwd><kwd>Lemna minor L.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ammonium polyphosphate</kwd><kwd>ecotoxicity</kwd><kwd>Dietzia maris АМ3</kwd><kwd>Chlorella vulgaris Beijer</kwd><kwd>Daphnia magna Straus</kwd><kwd>Lemna minor L</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekpea O.D., Chooa G., Barcelobc D., Oh J.-E. Introduction of emerging halogenated flame retardants in the environment. 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