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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-5-293-305</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">hqjxdo</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-1019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка роли цитохромов и лигандов арилгидрокарбонового рецептора в генотоксическом действии афлатоксина G1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of cytochromes and arylhydrocarbon receptor ligands effect on aflatoxin G1 genotoxic markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0190-6558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перевозников</surname><given-names>Илья Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perevoznikov</surname><given-names>Ilya E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России, 188663, Ленинградская область, г. пос. Кузьмоловсий, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilyaperevoznikov@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad region, Kuzmolovsky urban settlement, 188663, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilyaperevoznikov@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyaperevoznikov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-6100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роговская</surname><given-names>Надежда Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogovskaya</surname><given-names>Nadezhda Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник, ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России, 188663, Ленинградская область, г. пос. Кузьмоловский, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nadin-r@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad region, Kuzmolovsky settlement, 188663, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nadin-r@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadin-r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-2072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малыгина</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malygina</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России, 188663, Ленинградская область, г. пос. Кузьмоловсий, Россия</p><p>e-mail: malygina.darja@yandex.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad region, Kuzmolovsky settlement, 188663, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: malygina.darja@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malygina.darja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-6172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельтюков</surname><given-names>Петр Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beltyukov</surname><given-names>Petr P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России, 188663, Ленинградская область, г. пос. Кузьмоловский, Россия</p><p>e-mail: beltiukov@gpech.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, leading researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad region, Kuzmolovsky settlement, 188663, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: beltiukov@gpech.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beltiukov@gpech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаков</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babakov</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол наук, заведующий лабораторией № 63, ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России, 188663, Ленинградская обл. г. пос. Кузьмоловский, Россия</p><p>e-mail: babakov@gpech.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. of Biological Sciences, head of the laboratory No. 63, Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Leningrad region, Kuzmolovsky settlement, 188663, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: babakov@gpech.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babakov@gpech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России; ФГАОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перевозников И.Е., Роговская Н.Ю., Малыгина Д.А., Бельтюков П.П., Бабаков В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перевозников И.Е., Роговская Н.Ю., Малыгина Д.А., Бельтюков П.П., Бабаков В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perevoznikov I.E., Rogovskaya N.Y., Malygina D.A., Beltyukov P.P., Babakov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1019">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1019</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Афлатоксины – это высокотоксичные метаболиты грибов рода Aspergillus, обладающие канцерогенными и иммуносупрессивными свойствами. Их генотоксическое действие связано с образованием реакционноспособных эпоксидов, возникающих в процессе метаболической активации ферментами цитохрома CYP1A2 и CYP3A4. Существенную роль в регуляции метаболизма афлатоксинов, а также в модуляции клеточного ответа на их токсическое воздействие играет арилгидрокарбоновый рецептор (AhR).</p><p>В настоящем исследовании было проанализировано генотоксическое действие афлатоксина G1 (AFG1). Особое внимание уделено его взаимодействию с ферментами CYP450 и рецептором AhR, а также его влиянию на системы репарации ДНК и индукцию апоптоза в клетках гепатомы человека линии HepaRG.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для оценки токсичности AFG1 использовали метод измерения электрического импеданса с помощью системы xCELLigence RTCA. Репаративную активность клеток оценивали с использованием мультиплексной технологии Luminex xMAP. Также исследовали влияние различных модификаторов активности AhR и ферментов CYP: агонистов AhR (FICZ, ITE), антагониста CH223191, а также ингибиторов CYP1A2 (α-нафтофлавон) и CYP3A4 (кетоконазол).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что лиганды AhR демонстрировали умеренно выраженный цитопротекторный эффект, способствуя повышению жизнеспособности клеток HepaRG при экспонировании AFG1. В то же время ингибиторы ферментов CYP более эффективно снижали уровень активации белков, вовлечённых в репарацию ДНК.</p><p>Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что защитный эффект AhR-лигандов может быть обусловлен конкуренцией с AFG1 за связывание с рецептором, а также последующей модуляцией сигнального каскада.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование выполнено на культуре клеток, для экстраполяции на организм требуется учитывать данные токсикодинамики и токсикокинетики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования подтверждают ключевую роль цитохромов P450 и арилгидрокарбонового рецептора в формировании генотоксического профиля AFG1.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Перевозников И.Е. – сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Роговская Н.Ю., Малыгина Д.А. – сбор и обработка материала; Бельтюков П.П., Бабаков В.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 21 августа 2025 / Принята в печать: 02 октября 2025 / Опубликована: 19 ноября 2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Aflatoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi, with strong carcinogenic and immunosuppressive properties. Their genotoxicity arises from the formation of reactive epoxides during metabolic activation by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 cytochrome enzymes. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a critical role in regulating aflatoxin metabolism and cellular response to toxicity.</p><p>This study investigates the genotoxic effects of aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) with a focus on its interaction with CYP450 enzymes and AhR, and its impact on DNA repair and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepaRG cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Cellular toxicity of AFG1 was assessed using xCELLigence RTCA impedance analysis, which revealed an LC50 value of 9.79 µM. DNA repair activity was analyzed using the Luminex xMAP multiplex technology. The study also evaluated the effects of AhR agonists (FICZ, ITE), an antagonist (CH223191), and CYP inhibitors (α-naphthoflavone for CYP1A2, ketoconazole for CYP3A4) on AFG1-induced genotoxicity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. AhR ligands exhibited moderate cytoprotective effects, increasing cell viability under AFG1 exposure. In contrast, CYP inhibitors more effectively reduced activation of DNA repair proteins. The protective role of AhR ligands may involve competitive binding with AFG₁ and modulation of downstream signaling.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was conducted using a cell culture model; extrapolation of the findings to the whole organism requires consideration of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. These findings highlight the pivotal role of CYP enzymes and AhR in shaping the genotoxic profile of AFG₁.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require approval from a biomedical ethics committee or any other related documentation.</p></sec><sec><title>Authors’ contribution</title><p>Authors’ contribution: Perevoznikov I.E. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Rogovskaya N.Yu. – collection and processing of material; Malygina D.A. – collection and processing of material; Beltyukov P.P. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Babakov V.N. – the concept and design of the study, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 21, 2025 / Accepted: October 2, 2025 / Published: November 19, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>афлатоксин G1</kwd><kwd>полиароматические углеводороды</kwd><kwd>арилгидрокарбоновый рецептор</kwd><kwd>цитохром</kwd><kwd>HepaRG</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aflatoxin G1</kwd><kwd>polyaromatic hydrocarbon</kwd><kwd>arylhydrocarbon receptor</kwd><kwd>cytochromes</kwd><kwd>HepaRG</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li T., Zhang Z., Wang Y., Li Y., Zhu J., Hu R., Yang Y., Liu M. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis for High- and Low-Aflatoxin-Yield Aspergillus flavus Strains Isolated From Natural Environments. 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