toxreviewТоксикологический вестникToxicological Review0869-79223034-4611Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0869-7922-2026-34-2-89-99ciyriztoxreview-1099Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGYПодходы к межвидовому переносу ингаляционных токсических доз (обзор литературы)Approaches to interspecies extrapolation of inhalation toxic doses (literature review)https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3574-8559ПоповНикита СергеевичPopovNikita S.

Магистрант первого курса ФГБОУ СПХФУ Минздрава России, лаборант-исследователь ФГБУ «Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, 195043, Санкт-Петербург, Россия.

e-mail: popov.nekit2002@gmail.com

First-year master’s student at the St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Research Assistant at the State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 195043, Russian Federation

e-mail: popov.nekit2002@gmail.com

popov.nekit2002@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-6469КоньшаковЮрий ОлеговичKonshakovYury O.

Кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, 195043, Санкт-Петербург, Россия.

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 195043, Russian Federation

УстиноваТатьяна МихайловнаUstinovaTatyana M.

Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, 195043, Санкт-Петербург, Россия.

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher at the State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 195043, Russian Federation

ВенгеровичНиколай ГригорьевичVengerovichNikolay G.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник 24 отдела ФГБУ «Государственного научно-исследовательского испытательного института военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, 195043, Санкт-Петербург, Россия.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the 24th Department at the State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 195043, Russian Federation

ФГБУ «Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияState Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2026300420263428999Copyright © Попов Н.С., Коньшаков Ю.О., Устинова Т.М., Венгерович Н.Г., 20262026Попов Н.С., Коньшаков Ю.О., Устинова Т.М., Венгерович Н.Г.Popov N.S., Konshakov Y.O., Ustinova T.M., Vengerovich N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1099

В исследованиях токсичности на лабораторных животных приоритетной задачей является установление достоверных токсикометрических характеристик соединений, в том числе пороговых, эффективных (ED) и летальных (LD) доз, в соответствии с целями эксперимента. В случае ингаляционного воздействия токсиканта возникают сложности при расчёте поглощённых доз, связанные как с влиянием физико-химических свойств токсиканта, так и с видовыми особенностями используемых в работе биообъектов. Данная особенность обусловливает проблему межвидового переноса ингаляционных доз на человека, затрудняя планирование и проведение дальнейших экспериментов. Исследование посвящено обзору отечественной и зарубежной литературы, в которой отражён межвидовой перенос ингаляционных доз. Основными базами данных при поиске научных публикаций были PubMed, Google Scholar и Web of Science. В работе представлен анализ ключевых биологических детерминантов, определяющих эффективность токсикантов, в том числе анатомо-морфологических особенностей, физиологических параметров и патологических изменений у лабораторных животных. Кроме того, выделены основные физико-химические свойства соединений, оказывающих влияние на особенности взаимодействия системы с ксенобиотиком. Уделено внимание показателям создаваемого аэрозоля, необходимым для оценки рисков влияния токсикантов на биообъект. На основании проведённого анализа предложен оптимальный способ расчёта поглощённых доз, учитывающий особенности дыхательной системы живых организмов, при проведении экспериментальных работ на биообъектах. Также определены основные направления экстраполяции ингаляционных доз на человека: аллометрический подход, пересчёт с помощью межвидовых и дозиметрических коэффициентов, физиологически обоснованная фармакокинетическая модель (PBPK).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Попов Н.С. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала, написание текста; Коньшаков Ю.О. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Устинова Т.М. – сбор материала; Венгерович Н.Г. – редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила в редакцию

Поступила в редакцию: 25 мая 2025 / Поступила после исправления: 27 июня 2025 / Принята в печать: 27 марта 2026 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2026

In toxicity studies on laboratory animals, a priority task is to establish reliable toxicometric characteristics of compounds, including threshold, effective (ED), and lethal (LD) doses, in accordance with the objectives of the experiment. In the case of inhalation exposure to a toxicant, there are difficulties in calculating absorbed doses, which are related both to the influence of the physical and chemical properties of the toxicant and to the species-specific characteristics of the biological test subjects used in the study. This feature poses a challenge in the interspecies extrapolation of inhalation doses to humans, making it difficult to plan and conduct further experiments. This study aims to review the domestic and foreign literature on the interspecies extrapolation of inhalation doses. The main databases used for searching scientific publications were PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The study provides an analysis of the key biological determinants that influence the efficacy of toxicants, including anatomical and morphological features, physiological parameters, and pathological changes in laboratory animals. Additionally, the study highlights the main physical and chemical properties of compounds that affect the interaction of the system with the xenobiotic. Special attention is given to aerosol generation parameters, which are essential for assessing the risks of toxicant exposure on biological subjects. Based on the analysis, the most optimal method for calculating absorbed doses is proposed, taking into account the specific features of the respiratory systems of living organisms during experimental studies. Furthermore, key approaches for extrapolating inhalation doses to humans are outlined, including the allometric approach, the use of interspecies and dosimetric coefficients, and the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK).

Authors’ contribution

Authors’ contribution: Popov N.S. – the concept and design of the study, collection of material, writing a text; Konshakov Yu.O. – the concept and design of the study, editing; Ustinova T.M. – collection of material; Vengerovich N.G. – editing. All co-authors – are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent and potential conflicts of interest in relation to the publication of this article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: May 25, 2025 / Revised: June 27, 2025 / Accepted: March 27, 2026 / Published: April 30, 2026

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.