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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2026-34-2-100-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">cxjfjj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-1100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности токсического действия хлорацетанилидов на эндокринную систему (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxic effects of chloroacetanilides on the endocrine system (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеевна</surname><given-names>Синицкая Татьяна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный  сотрудник Центра гигиенического нормирования ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Сhief Scientis of the Center for Hygienic Standardization, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishi, 140014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-5337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидулина</surname><given-names>Халидя Хизбулаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidulina</surname><given-names>Khalidya Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель Научного информационно-аналитического центра «РРПОХБВ» ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия; профессор, заведующая кафедрой гигиены ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России, 125993, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Khamidulina.KhKh@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Сhief Scientis, Head of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishi, 140014, Russian Federation; Professor, Head of the Department of Hygiene, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, RF Ministry of Health, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: khalidiya@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Khamidulina.KhKh@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-8361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порошин</surname><given-names>Михаил Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poroshin</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник отдела ингаляционной токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора 141014, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: poroshin.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Department of Inhalation Toxicology, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishi, 140014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: poroshin.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poroshin.ma@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Rospotrebnadzor; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеевна С.Т., Хамидулина Х.Х., Порошин М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеевна С.Т., Хамидулина Х.Х., Порошин М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitskaya T.A., Khamidulina K.K., Poroshin M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1100">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1100</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей обзорной статье представлена информация о влиянии на эндокринную систему хлорацетанилидов, широко применяемых в агропромышленном комплексе для борьбы с однолетними злаковыми и некоторыми двудольными сорными растениями. При этом влияние ксенобиотиков на эндокринную систему может приводить к различным неблагоприятным последствиям как для взрослого, так и для развивающегося организма. С целью изучения влияния хлорацетанилидов на эндокринную систему был проведён анализ токсикологических сведений по материалам научной литературы международных и национальных информационных ресурсов (FAO/WHO, EXTOXNET, EPA, EFSA, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, Springer Nature Link).</p><p>Согласно имеющимся данным, изучаемые соединения обладают полимодальным действием на эндокринную систему. Имеются доказательства их влияния на гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адреналовую систему, гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадную и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидную оси. Хлорацетанилиды нарушают синтез стероидных и тиреоидных гормонов, воздействуя как напрямую на специфические рецепторы, которыми опосредована их выработка, так и на ферменты, участвующие в биосинтезе и трансформации гормонов. Так, установлено дозозависимое ингибирование секреции лютеинизирующего (ЛГ) и фолликулостимулирующего (ФСГ) гормонов и обнаружено конкурентное связывание ацетохлора, метолахлора и их метаболитов с андрогенными рецепторами. При этом параллельно наблюдается эстрогеноподобный эффект, проявляющийся в индукции синтеза вителлогенина и повышении экспрессии ароматазы (cyp19a1a) у гидробионтов, что указывает на модуляцию синтеза эндогенных эстрогенов. Воздействие на гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидную ось связано преимущественно с супрессией тироксина (Т4). Предполагаемый механизм включает ингибирование дейодиназ 2-го типа, ответственных за периферическую конверсию Т4 в трийодтиронин (Т3). Кроме того, наиболее выраженные эффекты наблюдали при воздействии S-энантиомеров.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Синицкая Т.А. – научное руководство, концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Хамидулина Х.Х. – научное консультирование, редактирование; Порошин М.А. – сбор материала и написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 24 марта 2026 / Принята в печать: 27 марта 2026 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review article summarizes current knowledge on the endocrine-disrupting effects of chloroacetanilide herbicides – compounds widely employed in agriculture for the control of annual grasses and certain dicotyledonous weeds. Exposure to these xenobiotic has been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes in both adult and developing organisms. To assess their endocrine toxicity, the authors performed a comprehensive analysis of toxicological data retrieved from major international and national scientific databases, including FAO/WHO, EXTOXNET, EPA, EFSA, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and Springer Nature Link.</p><p>The reviewed evidence indicates that chloroacetanilides exert multimodal effects on the endocrine system, targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes. These compounds interfere with the synthesis of steroid and thyroid hormones through both direct interaction with hormone receptors and modulation of enzymes involved in hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Specifically, dose-dependent suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion has been demonstrated, along with competitive binding of acetochlor, metolachlor, and their metabolites to androgen receptors. In addition, estrogenic activity has been observed, evidenced by the induction of vitellogenin synthesis and upregulation of aromatase (cyp19a1a) gene expression in aquatic species, suggesting disruption of endogenous estrogen regulation. With respect to the HPT axis, the primary effect is a reduction in thyroxine (T4) levels, likely mediated through inhibition of type 2 deiodinase – the enzyme responsible for peripheral conversion of T4 to triiodothyronine (T3). Notably, these effects were most pronounced following exposure to S-enantiomers.</p><sec><title>Authors’ contribution</title><p>Authors’ contribution: Sinitskaya T.A. – scientific supervision, study concept and design, editing; Khamidulina Kh.Kh. – scientific consulting, editing; Poroshin M.A. – material collection and writing. All co-authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no obvious or potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 24, 2026 / Accepted: March 27, 2026 / Published: April 30, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндокринная система</kwd><kwd>хлорацетанилиды</kwd><kwd>эндокринные разрушители</kwd><kwd>специфические эффекты</kwd><kwd>гербициды</kwd><kwd>рацемические смеси</kwd><kwd>энантиомеры</kwd><kwd>пропизохлор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endocrine system</kwd><kwd>chloroacetanilides</kwd><kwd>endocrine disruptors</kwd><kwd>specific effects</kwd><kwd>herbicides</kwd><kwd>racemic mixtures: enantiomers</kwd><kwd>propisochlor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синицына О.О., Рахманин Ю.А., Жолдакова З.И., Аксенова М.Г., Кириллов А.В., Бурд С.Г. и др. 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