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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2026-34-4-273-284</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">zpqwdh</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-1154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальные данные о токсическом действии диоксида серы (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Recent experimental data on toxic effects of sulfur dioxide (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенева</surname><given-names>Влада Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bateneva</surname><given-names>Vlada A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории промышленной токсикологии, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bateneva.vlada@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bateneva.vlada@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, зав. Отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никогосян</surname><given-names>Карен Мерсопович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikogosyan</surname><given-names>Karen M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник лаборатории научных основ биопрофилактики, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4208-5469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слободчикова</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slobodchikova</surname><given-names>Alexandra S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант-исследователь лаборатории промышленной токсикологии, ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: slobodchikovaas@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Assistant, Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: slobodchikovaas@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">slobodchikovaas@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1022-9699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybina</surname><given-names>Tatsyana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры пульмонологии, фтизиатрии, аллергологии и профпатологии с курсом ПК и ПП учреждения образования Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, 220045, Минск, Республика Беларусь; директор общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Научно-практический центр МедЭвери», 220113, Минск, Республика Беларусь</p><p>e-mail: tanya-rybina@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Phthisiology, Allergology, and Occupational Pathology with a Course in Advanced Training and Professional Development, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, 220045, Republic of Belarus; Director of the LLC “Scientific and Practical Center MedEveri”, Minsk, 220113, Republic of Belarus</p><p>e-mail: tanya-rybina@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya-rybina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»; Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Научно-практический центр МедЭвери»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University; MedEvery Scientific and Practical Center LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>273</fpage><lpage>284</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Батенева В.А., Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Слободчикова А.С., Рыбина Т.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Батенева В.А., Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Слободчикова А.С., Рыбина Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bateneva V.A., Minigalieva I.A., Nikogosyan K.M., Slobodchikova A.S., Rybina T.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1154">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1154</self-uri><abstract><p>Диоксид серы относится к наиболее распространённым техногенным загрязнителям атмосферного воздуха и представляет значительную опасность для здоровья населения, особенно в промышленно развитых регионах. </p><p>Цель настоящего обзора литературы – обобщение и систематизация современных экспериментальных данных о механизмах и токсических эффектах диоксида серы и его водорастворимых производных (сульфит- и бисульфит-ионов) на моделях in vivo и in vitro. </p><p>На основе анализа 64 научных работ, отобранных из международных и российских баз данных, подробно рассмотрены токсикокинетика и ключевые патогенетические пути. Установлено, что ведущими механизмами токсичности являются индукция интенсивного окислительного стресса, системного провоспалительного ответа через активацию фактора NF-κB и глубокое нарушение клеточного энергетического метаболизма вследствие митохондриальной дисфункции. </p><p>Обзор детально описывает системные токсические эффекты диоксида серы, выходящие за рамки прямого раздражающего действия на респираторный тракт. Представлены доказательства повреждения сердечно-сосудистой системы (кардиомиоцитарный апоптоз, структурные изменения миокарда), нервной системы (нейровоспаление, синаптическая дисфункция, апоптоз нейронов) и репродуктивной функции (нарушение сперматогенеза, повреждение гематотестикулярного барьера, угнетение овариального резерва). Отдельно обсуждаются генотоксический потенциал диоксида серы и его роль в нарушении энергетического гомеостаза клетки. Проведённый анализ расширяет понимание фундаментальных основ токсичности диоксида серы.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Батенева В.А., Никогосян К.М., Слободчикова А.С. – сбор и анализ материала, написание текста; Минигалиева И.А. – концепция исследования, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Рыбина Т.М. – сбор и анализ материала. Все соавторы – ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. </p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 02 марта 2026 / Поступила после исправления: 03 июня 2026 / Принята к печати: 03 августа 2026 / Опубликована: 16 сентября, 2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sulfur dioxide is one of the most common anthropogenic air pollutants, posing a significant hazard to human health, especially in industrial regions.</p><p>The aim of this literature review is to summarize and systematize recent experimental data on the mechanisms and toxic effects of sulfur dioxide and its water-soluble derivatives (sulfite and bisulfite ions) in in vivo and in vitro models. </p><p>Based on the analysis of 64 publications selected from international and Russian databases, this review provides a detailed description of toxicokinetics and key pathogenetic pathways. We established that the leading mechanisms of toxicity include the induction of intense oxidative stress, a systemic proinflammatory response through NF-κB activation, and profound disruption of cellular energy metabolism due to mitochondrial dysfunction. </p><p>This review describes systemic toxic effects of sulfur dioxide, extending beyond its direct irritant effect on the respiratory tract. Evidence is presented of damage to the cardiovascular system (cardiomyocyte apoptosis and structural myocardial changes), nervous system (neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis), and reproductive function (impaired spermatogenesis, damage to the blood-testis barrier, and ovarian suppression). In addition, the genotoxic potential of sulfur dioxide and its role in disrupting cellular energy homeostasis are discussed. The findings expand our understanding of the fundamental principles of sulfur dioxide toxicity.</p><sec><title>Author contributions</title><p>Author contributions: Bateneva V.A., Nikogosyan K.M., Slobodchikova A.S. – data collection and analysis, draft manuscript preparation; Minigalieva I.A. – goal formulation, approval of the final version; Rybina T.M. – data collection and analysis. All co-authors are responsible for approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all its parts</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no obvious or potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The authors declare no obvious or potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article. </p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 2, 2026 / Revised: June 3, 2026 / Accepted: August 3, 2026 / Published: September 16, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диоксид серы</kwd><kwd>сульфит</kwd><kwd>бисульфит</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>in vivo</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sulfur dioxide</kwd><kwd>sulfite</kwd><kwd>bisulfite</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>in vivo</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith S.J., Pitcher H., Wigley T.M.L. Global and regional anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. Glob. Planet. 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