toxreviewТоксикологический вестникToxicological Review0869-79223034-4611Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0869-7922-2026-34-4-285-293kbrpdutoxreview-1155Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGYПериферическая нейротоксичность химиотерапевтических препаратов – ингибиторов микротрубочек. Часть 1. История происхождения таксанов, механизм терапевтического действия, клиническая картина (обзор литературы)Peripheral neurotoxicity of microtubule inhibitor chemotherapeutic agents. Part 1. History of taxanes, mechanism of therapeutic action, clinical symptoms (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-3308Саватеева-ЛюбимоваТатьяна НиколаевнаSavateeva-LyubimovaTatiana N.

Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий сотрудник лаборатории безопасности лекарственных средств ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» , 197376, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

e-mail: drugs_safety@mail.ru

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Leading Researcher at the Drug Safety Laboratory of the A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation

e-mail: drugs_safety@mail.ru

drugs_safety@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-5033СивакКонстантин ВладимировичSivakKonstantin V.

Доктор биологических наук, заведующий отделом доклинических исследований ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева», 197376, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

e-mail: kvsivak@gmail.com

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Preclinical Research Department of the Drug Safety Laboratory of the A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation

e-mail: kvsivak@gmail.com

kvsivak@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-2376СтосманКира ИосифовнаStosmanKira I.

Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории безопасности лекарственных средств ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева», 197376, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

e-mail: labtox6@rambler.ru

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at the Drug Safety Laboratory of the A.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation

e-mail: labtox6@rambler.ru

labtox6@rambler.ruФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа имени А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава РоссииРоссияA.A. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202616092026344285293Copyright © Саватеева-Любимова Т.Н., Сивак К.В., Стосман К.И., 20262026Саватеева-Любимова Т.Н., Сивак К.В., Стосман К.И.Savateeva-Lyubimova T.N., Sivak K.V., Stosman K.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1155

Химиоиндуцированная периферическая полинейропатия (ХИПН) – одно из наиболее распространённых осложнений противоопухолевой терапии, обусловливающее раннюю её приостановку или снижение дозы препарата и представляющая собой серьёзную проблему, так как на настоящий момент не существует эффективных методов профилактики и лечения данного синдрома.

В обзоре обобщены сведения об эпидемиологии, клинической картине болезни, а также рассмотрены особенности механизма противоопухолевого действия таксанов.

Таксаны – противоопухолевые препараты, воздействующие на микротрубочки, представляющие собой высокодинамичные структуры цитоскелета. Одним из наиболее часто используемых и нейротоксичных препаратов из данной группы является паклитаксел. Связываясь с внутренней поверхностью микротрубочек вблизи нуклеотидсвязывающего участка β-тубулина, паклитасел ингибирует деполимеризацию тубулина, что ведёт к нарушению формирования митотического веретена и блокаде клеточного цикла в опухолевых клетках в фазе G2/M, остановке митоза и запуску апоптотической программируемой клеточной гибели. Большое значение придаётся и неапоптотической клеточной смерти, модулируемой митохондриями. Терапевтическая активность паклитаксела зависит также от его влияния на различные клеточные популяции, присутствующие в микроокружении опухоли. Клиническая картина токсического воздействия паклитаксела на периферическую нервную систему характеризуется двусторонней дистальной симметричной аксональной нейропатией. Описаны варианты клинического течения болезни, включающие феномен персистирующей нейропатии.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Саватеева-Любимова Т.Н. – подбор и анализ литературы, написание текста, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей; Сивак К.В., Стосман К.И. – редактирование.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнена без финансовой поддержки.

 Поступила в редакцию

 Поступила в редакцию: 05 мая 2026 / Поступила после исправления: 02 июня 2026 / Принята к печати: 03 августа 2026 / Опубликована: 16 сентября 2026

Chemotherapy‑induced peripheral polyneuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common complications of anticancer therapy. It often leads to early suspension of treatment or dose reduction and represents a serious problem, as there are currently no effective methods for the prevention and treatment of this syndrome.

This review summarizes data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of the disease and examines the mechanisms of taxanes antitumor action.

Taxanes are anticancer drugs that target microtubules, which are highly dynamic cytoskeletal structures. One of the most frequently used and neurotoxic agents in this group is paclitaxel. By binding to the inner surface of microtubules near the nucleotide‑binding site of β‑tubulin, paclitaxel inhibits tubulin depolymerization. This disrupts the mitotic spindle formation, blocks the cell cycle in tumor cells at the G2/M phase, arrests mitosis, and triggers apoptotic programmed cell death. Mitochondrial-modulated non-apoptotic cell death is considered to be of great importance. The therapeutic activity of paclitaxel also depends on its effects on various cell populations present in the tumor microenvironment.

Clinical presentation of paclitaxel toxicity on the peripheral nervous system is characterized by bilateral, distal, symmetrical axonal neuropathy. Clinical variants of the disease, including persistent neuropathy, are described.

Author’s contribution

Author’s contribution: Savateeva-Lyubimova T.N. – selection and analysis of scientific literature, writing text, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Sivak K.V., Stosman K.I. – editing.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no financial support.

Received

Received: May 5, 2026 / Revised: June 2, 2026 / Accepted: August 3, 2026 / Published: September 16, 2026

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.