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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2026-34-4-303-315</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">rjkdli</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-1157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ токсичности и опасности нонилфенолов и нонилфенолэтоксилатов с целью научного обоснования запретительно-ограничительных мероприятий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative assessment of the toxicity and hazard of nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates to human health and the environment for the scientific justification of regulatory restrictions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-5337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамидулина</surname><given-names>Халидя Хизбулаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamidulina</surname><given-names>Khalidya Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель Научного информационно-аналитического центра РПОХБВ ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 121087, Москва, Россия; профессор, заведующая кафедрой гигиены ФГАОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России, 125993, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: khalidiya@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Chief Researcher, Head of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 121087, Russian Federation; Professor, Head of the Department of Hygiene, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, RF Ministry of Health, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: khalidiya@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khalidiya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-3123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заместитель руководителя Научного информационно-аналитического центра РПОХБВ ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 121087, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tarasova.ev@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Deputy Head of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 121087, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tarasova.ev@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tarasova.ev@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-9353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курпединов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurpedinov</surname><given-names>Kirill S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик-эксперт, научный сотрудник Научного информационно-аналитического центра РПОХБВ ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 121087, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kurpedinov.ks@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Expert Chemist, Researcher of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 121087, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kurpedinov.ks@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurpedinov.ks@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4095-6022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гонюкова</surname><given-names>Евгения Станиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gonyukova</surname><given-names>Evgenia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач по общей гигиене Научного информационно-аналитического центра РПОХБВ ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 121087, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Gonyukova.ES@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>General Hygiene Doctor of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 121087, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Gonyukova.ES@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Gonyukova.ES@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-4540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>Андрей Константинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>Andrey K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик-эксперт, младший научный сотрудник Научного информационно-аналитического центра РПОХБВ ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 121087, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Nazarenko.AK@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Expert Chemist, Junior Researcher of the Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, 121087, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Nazarenko.AK@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nazarenko.AK@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный информационно-аналитический центр «Российский регистр потенциально опасных химических и биологических веществ» ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, RF Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный информационно-аналитический центр «Российский регистр потенциально опасных химических и биологических веществ» ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Information and Analytical Center “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>303</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хамидулина Х.Х., Тарасова Е.В., Курпединов К.С., Гонюкова Е.С., Назаренко А.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хамидулина Х.Х., Тарасова Е.В., Курпединов К.С., Гонюкова Е.С., Назаренко А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamidulina K.K., Tarasova E.V., Kurpedinov K.S., Gonyukova E.S., Nazarenko A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1157">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/1157</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Одно из приоритетных направлений международной практики обеспечения химической безопасности – выявление вызывающих обеспокоенность химических веществ в связи с их потенциальным негативным воздействием на здоровье человека и окружающую среду. К таким веществам относятся канцерогены, мутагены, репротоксиканты, эндокринные разрушители, а также соединения, обладающие стойкостью, способностью к биоаккумуляции и токсичностью для представителей водной биоты. Выявление указанных веществ является основой для обоснования мер регулирования, в том числе гигиенического и экологического нормирования, а также разработки запретительно-ограничительных мероприятий.</p><p>К числу химических веществ, вызывающих обеспокоенность, относятся нонилфенолы и их этоксилированные производные, широко используемые при производстве моющих средств, текстильной продукции, лакокрасочных материалов, полимерных дисперсий, пестицидов, нефтехимической и иной промышленной продукции. </p><p>Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ токсичности и опасности нонилфенолов и нонилфенолэтоксилатов для здоровья человека и окружающей среды, выявить приоритетные направления их дальнейшего регулирования. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Объектами исследования были нонилфенолы, в том числе технические смеси и отдельные линейные и разветвлённые изомеры (CAS 25154-52-3, 84852-15-3, 104-40-5), а также этоксилированные производные нонилфенола с различной степенью этоксилирования (CAS 9016-45-9, 37205-87-1, 7311-27-5, 68412-54-4), широко применяемые в качестве неионогенных поверхностно-активных веществ. Оценка токсичности и опасности осуществлялась на основе анализа официальных открытых национальных и международных источников информации: базы данных АРИПС «Опасные вещества», ECHA CHEM, PubChem, ECOTOX, документов Агентства по охране окружающей среды США (US EPA), а также публикаций, индексируемых в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY.RU и КиберЛенинка. При сравнительной оценке учитывали физико-химические свойства веществ, особенности их поведения в окружающей среде, (эко)токсичность, а также международное и национальное регулирование, возможные химические альтернативы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведённый сравнительный анализ показал, что нонилфенолы характеризуются более высокой опасностью для здоровья человека и окружающей среды по сравнению с нонилфенолэтоксилатами. Нонилфенолы обладают подтверждённым репротоксическим, эндокринным действиями, выраженными коррозионными свойствами и высокой токсичностью для представителей водной биоты. Для нонилфенолэтоксилатов отсутствуют подтверждённые данные о репротоксическом, эндокринном эффектах, однако их опасность определяется высокой токсичностью для представителей водной биоты и способностью к трансформации в окружающей среде с образованием нонилфенолов и низкомолекулярных этоксилированных нонилфенолов. Проведён сравнительный анализ национальных и международных подходов к регулированию, а также рассмотрены перспективные химические альтернативы нонилфенолэтоксилатам.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено анализом открытых литературных источников, в том числе баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ResearchGate, КиберЛенинка, РИНЦ, eLIBRARY.RU.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для научного обоснования совершенствования системы регулирования нонилфенолов и нонилфенолэтоксилатов в Российской Федерации, в том числе для разработки и внедрения запретительно-ограничительных мероприятий, а также поэтапного замещения данных соединений более безопасными альтернативами.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует предоставления заключения Комиссии по биоэтике.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Хамидулина Х.Х., Тарасова Е.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Курпединов К.С., Гонюкова Е.С., Назаренко А.К. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Хамидулина Х.Х., Тарасова Е.В. являются членами редакционной коллегии журнала «Токсикологический вестник», но не имеют отношения к решению публикации этой статьи. Статья прошла принятую в журнале процедуру рецензирования. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии иных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Разработка и научное обоснование химических альтернатив для замены высокоопасных компонентов в составе различных видов продукции» в соответствии с комплексом процессных мероприятий «Научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы в целях обеспечения химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации» государственной программы Российской Федерации «Научно-технологическое развитие Российской Федерации».</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 20 мая 2026 / Принята к печати: 3 августа 2026 / Опубликована: 16 сентября 2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The identification of chemicals of concern is one of the main directions in the field of international chemical safety. These chemicals have negative impact on human health and the environment possessing carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic, endocrine disruptors effects as well as acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic biota. Therefore, they need to be regulated both at the national and international levels. The identification of these substances serves as the basis for subsequent regulatory changes, including development of hygienic and environmental standards, as well as prohibitive and restrictive measures.</p><p>Some international organizations refer nonylphenols and their ethoxylated derivatives to the chemicals of concern. As nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used in industry and household being the parts of detergents, paints and varnishes, polymer dispersions, pesticides, petrochemical and other products, they can affect a large number of people from different age groups. Therefore, they have come into focus of national scientific and regulatory organizations. </p><p>The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the toxicity and hazard of nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates for human health and the environment, as well as identification the priority areas for their further regulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The objects of the study were nonylphenols, including technical mixtures and individual linear and branched isomers (CAS 25154-52-3, 84852-15-3, 104-40-5), as well as ethoxylated derivatives with varying degrees of ethoxylation (CAS 9016-45-9, 37205-87-1, 7311-27-5, 68412-54-4), widely used as nonionic surfactants. Toxicity and hazard assessment was carried out based on the information from the official open national and international sources: ARIPS database “Hazardous Substances”, ECHA CHEM, PubChem, ECOTOX, documents of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), as well as publications indexed in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY.RU and CyberLeninka. The physical and chemical properties of substances, environmental fate, (eco)toxicity, international and national regulation, and possible chemical alternatives are under discussion.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The comparative analysis has shown that nonylphenols are more hazardous to human health and the environment than nonylphenol ethoxylates. Nonylphenols have negative impact on reproductive and endocrine systems. In addition, they possess pronounced corrosive properties and high toxicity to aquatic biota. In contrast, nonylphenol ethoxylates do not have reproductive and endocrine effects, but their environmental fate with the formation of nonylphenols and low ethoxylated derivatives as well as high aquatic toxicity make them hazardous. The national and international approaches to regulation were also discussed with the identification of some promising chemical alternatives that need to be evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to the analysis of open literature sources, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ResearchGate, Cyberleninka, RSCI, eLIBRARY.RU databases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained can be used for the justification of national regulatory changes in relation to nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, including the development and implementation of prohibitive and restrictive measures, as well as the gradual replacement of these compounds with safer alternatives.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a report from the Bioethics Commission.</p></sec><sec><title>Authors’ contribution</title><p>Authors’ contribution: Khamidulina Kh.Kh., Tarasova E.V. – concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Kurpidinov K.S., Gonyukova E.S., Nazarenko A.K. – collecting and processing material, writing text, editing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. Khamidulina Kh.Kh., Tarasova E.V. are members of the editorial board of the journal “Toxicological Review”, but have nothing to do with the decision to publish this article. The article has passed the review procedure accepted in the journal. The authors declare no other conflicts of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was carried out as part of the research project “Development and scientific substantiation of chemical alternatives to replace highly hazardous components in various types of products” in accordance with the set of process activities “Research and development work to ensure chemical and biological safety of the Russian Federation” of the state program of the Russian Federation “Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation”.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 20, 2026 / Accepted: August 3, 2026 / Published: September 16, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нонилфенол</kwd><kwd>этоксилированный нонилфенол</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>оценка опасности</kwd><kwd>СГС</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonylphenol</kwd><kwd>ethoxylated nonylphenol</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>hazard assessment</kwd><kwd>GHS</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Staples C.A., Klecka G.M., Naylor C.G., Losey B.S. 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