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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36946/0869-7922-2020-2-3-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-271</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы назального спрея в арсенале средств первой помощи при острых отравлениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects of the nasal spray in first aid tools for acute poisoning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивницкий</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivnitsky</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивницкий Юрий Юрьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivnitsky Yury Yurievich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neugierig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснов Константин Андреевич, кандидат химических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnov Konstantin Andrejevich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasnov_tox@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Максим Борисович, доктор медицинских наук, директор</p><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivanov Maksim Borisovich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.b.ivanov@toxicology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейнюк</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rejniuk</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рейнюк Владимир Леонидович, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rejniuk Vladimir Leonidovich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reiniuk.v.l@toxicology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головко Александр Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>192019, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Golovko Alexandr Ivanovich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prgolovko@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт токсикологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивницкий Ю.Ю., Краснов К.А., Иванов М.Б., Рейнюк В.Л., Головко А.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивницкий Ю.Ю., Краснов К.А., Иванов М.Б., Рейнюк В.Л., Головко А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivnitsky Y.Y., Krasnov K.A., Ivanov M.B., Rejniuk V.L., Golovko A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/271">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/271</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора – обоснование подходов к совершенствованию первой помощи при острых отравлениях. Раннее введение лекарственных средств (ЛС) пострадавшим целесообразно, но в инъекционной лекарственной форме (ЛФ) проблематично. Альтернативой может служить назальный спрей (НС) – ЛФ, пригодная для системного введения фармацевтических субстанций (ФС) малой (до 1000 Да) молекулярной массы и умеренной (log Pоктанол/вода ≥ 0) гидрофильности, разовая доза которых может содержаться в объёме до 0,3 мл. Таким критериям отвечают ФС ряда ЛС, применяемых для лечения острых отравлений веществами, способными формировать очаги массового поражения. Это определяет перспективу НС как ЛФ, позволяющей ускорить, упростить и сделать более безопасным применение ЛС при оказании первой помощи в очагах массового химического поражения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this review is to substantiate approaches for improving first aid in acute poisoning. Early administration of medical agents to the victims is advisable, but in injectable dosage form is problematic. An alternative is a nasal spray – dosage form that is suitable for systemic administration of pharmaceutical substances with small molecular weight (up to 1000 Da) and moderate hydrophilicity (log Poctanol/water ≥ 0), and a single dose of which can be contained in volume of up to 0, 3 ml. These criteria are met by the number of pharmaceutical substances used for the treatment of acute poisoning with substances that can form foci of mass destruction. This defines the perspective of nasal sprays as a medical device that allows to speed up, simplify and make it safer to use drugs when providing first aid in the centers of mass chemical destruction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое отравление</kwd><kwd>первая помощь</kwd><kwd>лекарственное средство</kwd><kwd>лекарственная форма</kwd><kwd>назальный спрей</kwd><kwd>фармацевтическая субстанция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute poisoning</kwd><kwd>first aid</kwd><kwd>medicine</kwd><kwd>dosage form</kwd><kwd>nasal spray</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical substance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остапенко Ю.Н., Сенцов В.Г. Современное состояние заболеваемости и смертности населения при острых отравлениях химической этиологии в Российской Федерации. В кн.: Медицинская токсикология: национальное руководство. Е.А. Лужников, ред. 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