<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36946/0869-7922-2021-1-14-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-371</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ПЕЧЕНИ КРЫС ПРИ ОСТРОМ ТОКСИЧЕСКОМ ГЕПАТИТЕ И ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DOSE-DEPENDENT CHARACTER OF DISTURBANCE OF HEMATOPOIETIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS FUNCTION, PRODUCTION OF SOME HORMONES IN EXPERIMENTAL URANIUM ACETATE DIHYDRATE EXPOSURE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трапезникова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trapeznikova</surname><given-names>Е. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трапезникова Елена Геннадьевна, научный сотрудник лаборатории спортивной гигиены  </p><p>188663, Ленинградская область, Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trapeznikova Elena Gennad’evna</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pishite22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Вадим Борисович, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории общей токсикологии и гигиенического нормирования  </p><p>188663, Ленинградская область, Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Popov Vadim Borisovich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpopovlr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радилов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радилов Андрей Станиславович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, и.о. директора </p><p>188663, Ленинградская область, Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radilov Andrej Stanislavovich</p><p>192019, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.radilov@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шилов Виктор Васильевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой токсикологии, экстремальной и водолазной медицины </p><p>191015, г. СанктПетербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shilov Viktor Vasil’evich</p><p>197376, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VShilov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГУП «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имБ И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трапезникова Е.Г., Попов В.Б., Радилов А.С., Шилов В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трапезникова Е.Г., Попов В.Б., Радилов А.С., Шилов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trapeznikova Е.G., Popov V.В., Radilov A.S., Shilov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/371">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/371</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено экспериментальное моделирование острого токсического гепатита у лабораторных животных (половозрелых крыс-самцов линии «Wistar») с помощью однократного внутрижелудочного введения масляного раствора четыреххлористого углерода (CCl4) в дозе 1500 мг/кг. Гистологически подтверждено, что CCl4 вызывает обширные центролобулярные некротические изменения паренхимы печени, нарушение углеводного и белкового обмена в гепатоцитах, с последующим развитием жировой дистрофии органа. С целью изучения терапевтического потенциала клеточных культур для терапии поражений при остром токсическом гепатите использовали линию мультипотентных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (ММСК) дифференцированных из эмбриональных тканей мышей. Животные были разделены на две экспериментальные группы: 1-я группа (контроль) – введение CCl4 в дозе 1500 мг/кг; 2-я группа – введение CCl4 в дозе 1500 мг/кг, через 8 часов внутривенная инъекция суспензии содержащей ММСК в количестве 1,5 млн. на животного. В ходе исследования была доказана миграция трансплантированных ММСК мыши в пораженную ткань печени крыс. Выявлено положительное действие трансплантированных ММСК на основные патофизиологические процессы при остром токсическом гепатите у крыс, проявляющиеся в уменьшении некротических, воспалительных и дистрофических процессов в паренхиме печени. По данным морфометрического анализа, инъекция суспензии ММСК приводила к статистически значимому уменьшению площади воспалительных инфильтратов на 3-е и 5-е сутки, уменьшению проявлений жировой дистрофии на 7-е сутки после воздействия CCl4. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высоком терапевтическом потенциале ММСК для коррекции состояний при острых токсических поражениях печени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the dose-dependent nature of functional changes in the body systems under chronic administration of uranyl acetate dihydrate in doses of 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg per element for 18 weeks. The study was performed on 45 male outbred rats. It has been shown that uranyl acetate dihydrate in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg had no significant effect on hematological parameters. At the same time, activation of bactericidal activity of neutrophils, a decrease in the immunoregulatory index, and an increase in the blood concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) have been revealed. The toxicant administered to rats in a dose of 5 mg/kg led to a decrease in the absolute number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, the release of myelocytes into the blood, basophilia, monocytosis, the appearance of leukolysis cells and plasmatization of lymphocytes. On the part of the immune system, an increase in the biocidal capacity of neutrophilic granulocytes, TNF-α production, an increase in the number of CD8+ cells, and a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio have been found. Uranyl acetate dihydrate had a dose-dependent effect only on the number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, T-cells with the CD4+CD8+ phenotype, on the immunoregulatory index, and on the level of TNF-α. Hyperglycemia and glucosuria were also dose-dependent. An increase in glucose in the blood and urine indicated a violation of carbohydrate metabolism and kidney function. There was a decrease in the concentration of thyroxine, testosterone and an increase in the level of insulin. Uranyl acetate dihydrate led to the development of insulin resistance. The level of hormones did not depend on the dose of the toxicant administered to the animals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морфометрическое исследование</kwd><kwd>четыреххлористый углерод</kwd><kwd>острый токсический гепатит</kwd><kwd>мультипотентные мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>лечение токсического поражения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>uranyl acetate dihydrate</kwd><kwd>hematopoiesis</kwd><kwd>hormones</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О состоянии санитарно-эпидемио- логического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2019 году: Госу- дарственный доклад. – М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, 2020; 299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2019: State report. - M.: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. 299 ;2020 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Официальный сайт Росстата // URL: https://gks.ru/folder/13721</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oﬃcial website of Russian statistics.URL: https://gks.ru/folder/13721 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антоненко О.М. Токсические поражения печени: пути фармакологической коррек- ции. Поликлиника MC. 2013; 6:(2): 45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonenko O.M. Toxic liver damage: ways of pharmacological correction. Polyclinic MC. 51-45 :(2):6 ;2013 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stravitz R.T., Lee W.M. Acute liver failure. Lancet. 2019; 394: 869-881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stravitz R.T., Lee W.M. Acute liver failure.Lancet. 881-869 :394 ;2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esquer F., Esquer M., Parrau D., Carpio D., Yañez A., Cong P. Systemic administration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells reverts hyperglycemia and prevents nephropathy in type I diabetic mice. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14: 631-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esquer F., Esquer M., Parrau D., Carpio D., Yañez A., Cong P. Systemic administration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells reverts hyperglycemia and prevents nephropathy in type I diabetic mice. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. ;2008 40-631 :14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Wan H. Mesenchymal stromal cells as a therapeutic treatment for ischemic stroke. Neuroscience bull. 2014; 30: 524-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., Wan H. Mesenchymal stromal cells as a therapeutic treatment for ischemic stroke. Neuroscience bull. ;2014 35-524 :30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Протасова Г.А., Шабашева Л.В., Попов В.Б. Коррекция токсического поражения печени стволовыми клетками. Токсико-логический вестник. 2020; (4): 21-26. https://doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922- 2020-4-21-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protasova G.A., Shabasheva L.V., Popov V.B. Stem cell correction of toxic liver lesions. Toxicological Review. :(4) ;2020 26-21. https://doi.org/-0869/10.36946 26-21-4-2020-7922 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айрапетов Г.А., Загородий Н.В., Воротников А.А. Экспериментальный метод замещения костно-хрящевых дефектов суставов (ранние результаты).Медицинский вестник Юга России. 2019; 10(2): 71-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Airapetov G.A., Zagorodiy N.V., Vorotnikov A.A. An experimental method for the replacement of osteochondral defects of the joints (early results). Medical Bulletin of the South of Russia.76-71 :(2)10 ;2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ball L.M., Bernardo M.E., Roelofs H., Lankester A., Cometa A., Egeler M.R., et al. Co-transplantation of ex vivo-expanded mesenchymal stem cells accelerates lymphocytes recovery and may reduce the risk of graft failure in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Blood. 2007; 10: 2764-2767.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ball L.M., Bernardo M.E., Roelofs H., Lankester A., Cometa A., Egeler M.R., et al. Co-transplantation of ex vivo-expanded mesenchymal stem cells accelerates lymphocytes recovery and may reduce the risk of graft failure in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Blood. 2767-2764 :10 ;2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Blanc K., Samuelsson H., Gustafsson B., Remberger M., Sundberg B., Arvidson J., et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to enhance engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia. 2007; 21(8): 1733-1738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Blanc K., Samuelsson H., Gustafsson B., Remberger M., Sundberg B., Arvidson J., et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to enhance engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia. 1738-1733 :(8)21 ;2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wyse R.D. Use of genetically modiﬁed mesenchymal stem cells tо treat neurodegeneration diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014; 15: 1719-1745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wyse R.D. Use of genetically modiﬁed mesenchymal stem cells tо treat neurodegeneration diseases. Int. J. Mol.Sci. 1745-1719 :15 ;2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jo C.H., Lee Y.G., Shin W.H., Kim H.,Chai J.W., Jeong E.C., et al. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Stem Cells. 2014; 32: 1254–1266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jo C.H., Lee Y.G., Shin W.H., Kim H., Chai J.W., Jeong E.C., et al. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Stem Cells. 1266–1254 :32 ;2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huebner K., Frank R.M., Getgood A. Ortho-Biologics for Osteoarthritis. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2019; 38(1): 123-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huebner K., Frank R.M., Getgood A. Ortho-Biologics for Osteoarthritis. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 141-123 :(1)38 ;2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golchin A., Tahereh Z. F., Khojasteh A., Soleimanifar F., Ardeshirylajimi A. The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Skin Diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Current Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy.2019; 14(1): 22-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golchin A., Tahereh Z. F., Khojasteh A., Soleimanifar F., Ardeshirylajimi A. The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Skin Diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Current Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy.33-22:(1)14 ;2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M., Ma J., Gao Y., Yang L. Cell sheet technology: a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Cytotherapy. 2019; 21(1): 3–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M., Ma J., Gao Y., Yang L. Cell sheet technology: a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Cytotherapy. ;2019 16–3:(1)21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konno T., Akito K., Kurita K., Ito Y.Formation of embryoid bodies by mouse embryonic stem cells on plastic surfaces.Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2005; 100(1): 88 - 93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konno T., Akito K., Kurita K., Ito Y. Formation of embryoid bodies by mouse embryonic stem cells on plastic surfaces. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 93 - 88 :(1)100 ;2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dominici M., Le Blanc K., Mueller I., Slaper-Cortenbach I., Marini Fc., Krause Ds., et al. Minimal criteria for deﬁning multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006; 8(4):315-317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dominici M., Le Blanc K., Mueller I., Slaper-Cortenbach I., Marini Fc., Krause Ds., et al. Minimal criteria for deﬁning multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 317-315 :(4)8 ;2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мужикян А.А., Макарова М.Н., Гущин Я.А. Особенности гистологической об- работки органов и тканей лабораторных животных. СПб: Международный вестник ветеринарии. 2014; 2: 103–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muzhikyan A.A., Makarova M.N., Gushchin Ya.A. Features of histological processing of organs and tissues of laboratory animals. SPb: International Veterinary Bulletin. 9-103 :2 ;2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinnaird T., Stabile E., Burnett M.S., Lee C.W., Barr S., Fuchs S., Epstein S.E. Marrow-derived stromal cells express genes encoding a broad spectrum of arteriogenic cytokines and promote in vitro and in vivo arteriogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Circ Res. 2004; 94: 678–685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinnaird T., Stabile E., Burnett M.S., Lee C.W., Barr S., Fuchs S., Epstein S.E. Marrow-derived stromal cells express genes encoding a broad spectrum of arteriogenic cytokines and promote in vitro and in vivo arteriogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Circ Res. ;2004 685–678 :94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stagg J., Galipeau J. Mechanisms of Immune Modulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Clinical Translation. Curr.Mol. Med. 2013; 13(5): 856-867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stagg J., Galipeau J. Mechanisms of Immune Modulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Clinical Translation. Curr. Mol. Med. 867-856 :(5)13 ;2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Praveen K.L., Kandoi S., Misra R., Vĳayalakshmi S., Rajagopal K., Verma R.S. The mesenchymal stem cell secretome: A new paradigm towards cell-free therapeutic mode in regenerative medicine. Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews. 2019; 46: 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Praveen K.L., Kandoi S., Misra R., Vĳayalakshmi S., Rajagopal K., Verma R.S. The mesenchymal stem cell secretome: A new paradigm towards cell-free therapeutic mode in regenerative medicine. Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews. 9-1 :46 ;2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
