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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-513</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ КАК ОСНОВА АНАЛИЗА МНОГОФАКТОРНЫХ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIMENTAL MODELING AND MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CHRONIC COMBINED TOXICITY AS A BASIS OF MULTI-FACTOR CHEMICAL HEALTH RISKS ANALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацнельсон</surname><given-names>Борис Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsnelson</surname><given-names>Boris Aleksandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦПОЗРПП, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: bkaznelson@etel.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вараксин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varaksin</surname><given-names>Anatoliy Nikolayevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д. ф.-м. н. проф, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории математического моделирования в экологии и медицине Института промышленной экологии, 620990, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: varaksin@ecko.uran.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>Владимир Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Grigoryevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К. ф.-м. н., зав. лабораторией математического моделирования в экологии и медицине Института промышленной экологии, 620990, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: panov@ecko.uran.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Лариса Иванова</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>Larisa Ivanovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией научных основ биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦПОЗРПП, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: privalovali@yahoo.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira Amirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.б.н., заведующая лабораторией промышленной токсикологии ФБУН ЕМНЦПОЗРПП, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireyeva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Petrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории промышленной токсикологии ФБУН ЕМНЦПОЗРПП, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: katerinakir@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Институт промышленной экологии УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кацнельсон Б.А., Вараксин А.Н., Панов В.Г., Привалова Л.И., Минигалиева И.А., Киреева Е.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кацнельсон Б.А., Вараксин А.Н., Панов В.Г., Привалова Л.И., Минигалиева И.А., Киреева Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Katsnelson B.A., Varaksin A.N., Panov V.G., Privalova L.I., Minigalieva I.A., Kireyeva E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/513">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/513</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье критически рассматриваются некоторые постулаты теории и математического моделирования комбинированного токсического действия и предлагается дальнейшее их развитие. С этой целью были проанализированы результаты экспериментов на крысах, подвергавшихся повторным внутрибрюшинным введениям нескольких бинарных и одной трёхфакторной комбинации химических веществ, главным образом, солей токсичных металлов или металлсодержащих наночастиц. Интоксикации количественно характеризовались десятками функциональных, биохимических и морфометрических показателей. Для описания комбинированной токсичности мы опирались как на описательную статистику результатов, рассматриваемую с позиций обычной логики, так и на две математические модели, основанные на дисперсионном анализе (ANOVA) и на математической теории поверхности отклика, которые соотносятся с широко признанными парадигмами теории комбинированной токсичности: соответственно, аддитивности эффектов и аддитивности доз. Мы пришли к заключению, что названные парадигмы фактически взаимозаменяемы и должны бы рассматриваться скорее как разные методы моделирования комбинированной токсичности, чем как отражение фундаментально различающихся процессов. Мы отдаём предпочтение регрессионному построению поверхности отклика с учетом конкретного плана эксперимента, поскольку она инвариантна по отношению к этим парадигмам.</p><p>В рамках математической модели существуют не только три традиционно обозначаемых типа комбинированной токсичности (аддитивность, субаддитивность и супераддитивность), но большое число вариантов её в зависимости от рассматриваемого эффекта, его уровня, а также от уровня доз и их соотношения. Особое внимание уделено моделированию противоположно направленных эффектов токсических веществ. Подчёркивается целесообразность выделения основного (определяющего) типа комбинированной токсичности и предложены критерии его выбора.</p><p>Для характеристики трёхфакторной токсичности был предложен новый риск-ориентированный подход, сущность которого составляет классификация эффектов по признаку того, остаётся ли тип бинарной комбинированной токсичности по сути тем же самым или становится либо более, либо менее неблагоприятным, когда анализируется на фоне действия третьего токсичного вещества. Вкратце обсуждено значение вышеописанных заключений в рамках системы анализа и управления рисками для здоровья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Some postulates of the theory and mathematical modeling of combined toxic effect are considered critically and their further development is suggested. To this end, results of experiments on rats exposed to repeated intraperitoneal injections of several binary and a three-factorial combination of chemicals, mostly toxic metals salts or metalcontaining nanoparticles were analyzed. Intoxications were quantitatively characterized with tens of functional, biochemical and morphometric indices. The mathematical description of combined effects was based both on common descriptive statistics and two mathematical models using analysis of variance ANOVA (a) and (b) mathematical theory of response surface construction which correlate with widely recognised paradigms of the combined toxicity theory- additivity of effects and doses additivity respectively. It was concluded that these paradigms are virtually interchangeable and should be considered as different methods of combined toxicity modelling rather than as representing fundamentally differing processes. Thus, the zero interactive response surface regression model seems preferable because it is invariant with respect to these paradigms. Within a mathematical model there exist not only three traditionally used types of combined toxicity (additivity, subadditivity and super additivity) but a lot of its variants depending on which effect is exactly considered and on its level, as well as on the dose levels and their ratio. A special attention is given to modeling opposing effects of toxics. The expedience of introducing a concept of a main (determinant) type of combined toxicity is emphasized, and criteria of its choice are proposed. For characterizing the three-factorial toxicity, a new health risk-oriented approach is suggested, the gist of which is a classification of effects depending on whether a binary combined toxicity type remains virtually the same or appears to be either more or less adverse when modeled against the background of the third toxic. The relevance of the above results to health risk analysis and management is briefly discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбинированная токсичность</kwd><kwd>анализ риска</kwd><kwd>изоболограммы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combined toxicity</kwd><kwd>risk analysis</kwd><kwd>isobolograms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ATSDR Interaction profile for: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ATSDR Interaction profile for: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, agency for toxic substances and disease registry. 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