<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-5-17-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-529</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оксид углерода: современные подходы к лечению острых отравлений (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Carbon monoxide: modern concepts to the treatment of acute poisonings (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-194X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенюк</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenyuk</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Nikolaevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры мобилизационной подготовки здравоохранения и медицины катастроф ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РФ; профессор кафедры фармацевтической химии с курсом токсикологической химии и токсикологии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава РФ, г. Санкт-Петербург.</p><p>e-mail: grebenyuk_an@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Professor, Professor of Mobilization Preparation of Health Care and Disaster Medicine Department of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University), Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: grebenyuk_an@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grebenyuk_an@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5755-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Nikolaevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель проекта ФГАОУ ВО «Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)», г. Москва.</p><p>e-mail: bykov_imm@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykov_imm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University); Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гребенюк А.Н., Быков В.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Быков В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebenyuk A.N., Bykov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/529">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/529</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Оксид углерода (угарный газ, СО) – одна из наиболее частых причин химических поражений и основной токсический фактор смерти людей на пожарах. Механизм токсического действия СО, связанный с образованием карбоксигемоглобина и развитием гипоксии, определяет быстрое развитие клинической картины острой интоксикации и необходимость экстренного оказания первой и медицинской помощи отравленным. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для анализа послужили источники литературы, реферированные в библиографических базах eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, Scopus. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Первая помощь основана на быстром удалении пострадавшего из очага пожара или другой зоны с повышенной концентрацией CO и скорейшим обеспечением его кислородом. В ходе медицинской эвакуации необходимо проводить непрерывную ингаляцию 80–100% кислородом, обеспечить покой и согревание пострадавшего. В приёмном отделении больницы должна быть продолжена ингаляция кислорода и поддерживающая терапия, выполнены клинико-лабораторные диагностические мероприятия, направленные на оценку степени тяжести интоксикации, выявление осложнений и сопутствующей патологии. В случае тяжёлых отравлений CO оказание медицинской помощи пострадавшим продолжается в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии или в отделении оксигенобаротерапии. Основным антидотом при отравлении CO является кислород, который может применяться в двух вариантах – нормобарическая или гипербарическая оксигенация. В качестве фармакологического антидота СО используется цинка бисвинилимидазола диацетат (ацизол), применение которого позволяет ускорить распад карбоксигемоглобина, улучшить кислородсвязывающие и газотранспортные свойства крови, а также диссоциацию оксигемоглобина в тканях. Наряду с антидотами, важную роль в лечении отравлений CO играет патогенетическая и симптоматическая терапия, направленная на профилактику и лечение токсической энцефалопатии, отёка мозга, когнитивной дисфункции, токсической миокардиопатии и аритмии, профилактику пневмоний, возмещение энергетических потребностей организма и др.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дальнейшее совершенствование существующих средств и методов лечения интоксикаций, разработка и внедрение в медицинскую практику новых антидотов позволит повысить эффективность лечебных мероприятий, сократить число летальных исходов и инвалидизации после острых отравлений оксидом углерода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common causes of chemical injuries and the main toxic factor in the people death in fires. The mechanism of the toxic effect of CO, associated with the formation of carboxyhemoglobin and the development of hypoxia, determines the rapid development of the clinical picture of acute intoxication and the need for emergency first aid and medical care to the poisoned. </p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Literature sources, summarized in the bibliographic databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed and Scopus, were the material for analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. First aid is based on quickly removing the victim from the fire zone or other area with a high concentration of CO and providing him with oxygen as soon as possible. During medical evacuation, it is necessary to carry out continuous inhalation of 80–100% oxygen, to ensure rest and warmth of the victim. In the emergency department of the hospital, oxygen inhalation and maintenance therapy should be continued, clinical and laboratory diagnostic measures aimed at assessing the severity of intoxication, identifying complications and concomitant pathology should be performed. In the case of severe CO poisoning, medical care continues to be provided to the victims in the intensive care unit or in the oxygen-barotherapy unit. The main antidote for CO poisoning is oxygen, which can be used in two versions – normobaric or hyperbaric oxygenation. As a pharmacological antidote to CO, zinc bisvinylimidazole diacetate (acizol) which can accelerate the breakdown of carboxyhemoglobin, improve the oxygen-binding and gas-transport properties of blood, as well as the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin in tissues is used. Along with antidotes, an important role in the treatment of CO poisoning is played by pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy aimed at the prevention and treatment of toxic encephalopathy, brain edema, cognitive dysfunction, toxic myocardiodystrophy and arrhythmia, prevention of pneumonia, correction of the acid-base state, compensation of the energy needs of the body, etc.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Further improvement of existing means and methods for the treatment of intoxication, the development and introduction of new antidots into medical practice will increase the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, reduce the number of deaths and disabilities after acute poisoning with carbon monoxide.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид углерода</kwd><kwd>отравление</kwd><kwd>первая помощь</kwd><kwd>неотложная медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>антидот</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carbon monoxide</kwd><kwd>poisoning</kwd><kwd>first aid</kwd><kwd>emergency medical care</kwd><kwd>antidote</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose J.J., Wang L., Xu Q., McTiernan C.F., Shiva S., Tejero J., Gladwin M.T. Carbon monoxide poisoning: pathogenesis, management and future directions of therapy. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 195 (5): 596-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose J.J., Wang L., Xu Q., McTiernan C.F., Shiva S., Tejero J., Gladwin M.T. Carbon monoxide poisoning: pathogenesis, management and future directions of therapy. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 195 (5): 596-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichhorn L., Thudium M., Jüttner B. The diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2018; 115 (51-52): 863-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eichhorn L., Thudium M., Jüttner B. The diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2018; 115 (51-52): 863-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тиунов Л.А., Кустов В.В. Токсикология окиси углерода. М.: Медицина; 1980</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiunov L.A., Kustov V.V. Carbon monoxide toxicology [Toxikologiya okisi ugleroda]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1980. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elenhorn M.J. Medical Toxicology Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1997</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elenhorn M.J. Medical Toxicology Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins; 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Носов А.В., Мусийчук Ю.И., Рыбалко В.М. Медицинские и защитные мероприятия при химических авариях и катастрофах. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2009; 2: 14-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebenyuk A.N., Nosov A.V., Musiychuk Yu.I., Rybalko V.M. Medical and protective measures in case of chemical accidents and disasters. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti vchrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2009; 2: 14-20. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Башарин В.А., Маркизова Н.Ф., Преображенская Т.Н. Методические рекомендации по оказанию медицинской помощи личному составу при поражении продуктами горения. М.: ГВМУ МО РФ; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebenyuk A.N., Basharin V.A., Markizova N.F., Preobrazhenskaya T.N. Methodical recommendations for the provision of medical care to personnel in case of damage by combustion products. Moscow: GVMU MO RF; 2012. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бояринцев В.В., Гребенюк А.Н., Остапенко Ю.Н., Лодягин А.Н. Организация оказания скорой медицинской помощи при острых отравлениях химической этиологии. Кремлёвская медицина. Клинический вестник. 2019; 3: 117-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyarintsev V.V., Grebenyuk A.N., Ostapenko Yu.N., Lodyagin A.N. Organization of emergency medical care in acute poisoning of chemical etiology. Kremlevskaya meditsina. Klinicheskiy vestnik. 2019; 3: 117-24. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вербовой Д.Н., Багненко С.Ф., Бояринцев В.В., Гребенюк А.Н., Дежурный Л.И., Евсеев М.А., Крылов В.В., Максимов Д.А., Пасечник И.Н., Пасько В.Г., Репин И.Г., Скобелев Е.И., Титарова Ю.И. Руководство по скорой медицинской помощи при острых заболеваниях, травмах и отравлениях. Под ред. Д.Н. Вербового, С.Ф. Багненко, В.В. Бояринцева, В.Г. Пасько. М.-СПб.: Фолиант; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbovoy D.N., Bagnenko S.F., Boyarintsev V.V., Grebenyuk A.N., Dezhurnyy L.I., Evseev M.A., Krylov V.V., Maksimov D.A., Pasechnik I.N., Pas’ko V.G., Repin I.G., Skobelev E.I., Titarova Yu.I. Emergency Medicine Guide for Acute Illness, Injury and Poisoning. Eds. by D.N. Verbovoy, S.F. Bagnenko, V.V. Boyarintsev, V.G. Pas’ko. [Rukovodstvo po skoroi medicinskoi pomosh’i pri ostrih zabolevaniyah, travmah i otravleniyah]. Moscow, St. Petersburg: Foliant; 2019. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bateman D.N. Carbon monoxide. Medicine (Elsevier). 2007; 35 (11): 604-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bateman D.N. Carbon monoxide . Medicine (Elsevier). 2007; 35 (11): 604-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanizaki S. Assessing inhalation injury in the emergency room. Open Access Emerg. Med. 2015; 7: 31-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanizaki S. Assessing inhalation injury in the emergency room. Open Access Emerg. Med. 2015; 7: 31-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng P.C.Y., Long B., Koyfman A. Clinical chameleons: an emergency medicine focused review of carbon monoxide poisoning. Intern. Emerg. Med. 2018; 13 (2): 223-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ng P.C.Y., Long B., Koyfman A. Clinical chameleons: an emergency medicine focused review of carbon monoxide poisoning. Intern. Emerg. Med. 2018; 13 (2): 223-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozkan S., Salt O., Durukan P., Sen A., Bulbul E., Duman A., Kavalci C. The relationship among plasma copeptin, carboxyhemoglobin, and lactate levels in carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp. Toxicol. 2020; 39 (3): 311-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozkan S., Salt O., Durukan P., Sen A., Bulbul E., Duman A., Kavalci C. The relationship among plasma copeptin, carboxyhemoglobin, and lactate levels in carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp. Toxicol. 2020; 39 (3): 311-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolf S.J., Maloney G.E., Shih R.D., Shy B.D., Brown M.D., American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2017; 69 (1): 98-107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolf S.J., Maloney G.E., Shih R.D., Shy B.D., Brown M.D., American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2017; 69 (1): 98-107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hampson N.B., Piantadosi C.A., Thom S.R., Weaver L.K. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2012; 186 (11): 1095-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hampson N.B., Piantadosi C.A., Thom S.R., Weaver L.K. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2012; 186 (11): 1095-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weaver L.K., Howe S., Hopkins R., Chan K.J. Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Chest. 2000; 117 (3): 801-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weaver L.K., Howe S., Hopkins R., Chan K.J. Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Chest. 2000; 117 (3): 801-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozturan I.U., Yaka E., Suner S., Ozbek A.E., Alyesil C., Dogan N.O., Yilmaz S., Pekdemir M. Determination of carboxyhemoglobin half-life in patients with carbon monoxide toxicity treated with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila). 2019; 57 (7): 617-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozturan I.U., Yaka E., Suner S., Ozbek A.E., Alyesil C., Dogan N.O., Yilmaz S., Pekdemir M. Determination of carboxyhemoglobin half-life in patients with carbon monoxide toxicity treated with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila). 2019; 57 (7): 617-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiew A.L., Buckley N.A. Carbon monoxide poisoning in the 21st century. Crit. Care. 2014; 18: 221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiew A.L., Buckley N.A. Carbon monoxide poisoning in the 21st century. Crit. Care. 2014; 18: 221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee P., Salhanick S.D. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effectively Treated with High-flow Nasal Cannula. Clin. Pract. Cases Emerg. Med. 2019; 4 (1): 42-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee P., Salhanick S.D. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effectively Treated with High-flow Nasal Cannula. Clin. Pract. Cases Emerg. Med. 2019; 4 (1): 42-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomruk O., Karaman K., Erdur B., Armagan H.H., Beceren N.G., Oskay A., Bircan H.A. A New Promising Treatment Strategy for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy. Med. Sci. Monit. 2019; 25: 605- 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomruk O., Karaman K., Erdur B., Armagan H.H., Beceren N.G., Oskay A., Bircan H.A. A New Promising Treatment Strategy for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy. Med. Sci. Monit. 2019; 25: 605- 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bal U., Sönmez B.M., Inan S., Işcanli M.D., Yilmaz F. The efficiency of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning in the emergency department. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2020; 27 (3): 217-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bal U., Sönmez B.M., Inan S., Işcanli M.D., Yilmaz F. The efficiency of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning in the emergency department. Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2020; 27 (3): 217-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vargas F., Saint-Leger M., Boyer A., Bui N.H., Hilbert G. Physiologic Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen in Critical Care Subjects. Respir. Care. 2015; 60 (10): 1369-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vargas F., Saint-Leger M., Boyer A., Bui N.H., Hilbert G. Physiologic Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen in Critical Care Subjects. Respir. Care. 2015; 60 (10): 1369-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weaver L.K., Valentine K.J., Hopkins R.O. Carbon monoxide poisoning: risk factors for cognitive sequelae and the role of hyperbaric oxygen. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176 (5): 491-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weaver L.K., Valentine K.J., Hopkins R.O. Carbon monoxide poisoning: risk factors for cognitive sequelae and the role of hyperbaric oxygen. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176 (5): 491-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зобнин Ю.В., Саватеева-Любимова Т.Н., Коваленко А.Л., Петров А.Ю., Васильев С.А., Батоцыренов Б.В., Романцов М.Г. Отравление монооксидом углерода (угарным газом). Под ред. Ю.В. Зобнина. СПб.; 2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zobnin Yu.V., Savateeva-Lyubimova T.N., Kovalenko A.L., Petrov A.Yu., Vasilev S.A., Batotsyrenov B.V., Romantsov M.G. Carbon monoxide poisoning [Otravlenie monooksidom ugleroda (ugarnim gazom)] Ed. by Yu.V. Zobnin. St. Petersburg; 2011. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thom S.R., Bhopale V.M., Fisher D. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces delayed immune-mediated neuropathology in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006; 213 (2): 152-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thom S.R., Bhopale V.M., Fisher D. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces delayed immune-mediated neuropathology in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006; 213 (2): 152-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrabou G., Inoriza J.M., Morén C., Oliu G., Miró Ò., Martí M.J., Cardellach F. Mitochondrial injury in human acute carbon monoxide poisoning: the effect of oxygen treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health. C. Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 2011; 29 (1): 32-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrabou G., Inoriza J.M., Morén C., Oliu G., Miró Ò., Martí M.J., Cardellach F. Mitochondrial injury in human acute carbon monoxide poisoning: the effect of oxygen treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health. C. Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 2011; 29 (1): 32-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jurič D.M., Finderle Ž., Šuput D., Brvar M. The effectiveness of oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning is pressure- and time-dependent: a study on cultured astrocytes. Toxicol. Lett. 2015; 233 (1): 16-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jurič D.M., Finderle Ž., Šuput D., Brvar M. The effectiveness of oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning is pressure- and time-dependent: a study on cultured astrocytes. Toxicol. Lett. 2015; 233 (1): 16-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheinkestel C.D., Bailey M., Myles P.S., Jones K., Cooper D.J., Millar I.L., Tuxen D.V. Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Med. J. Aust. 1999; 170 (5): 203-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheinkestel C.D., Bailey M., Myles P.S., Jones K., Cooper D.J., Millar I.L., Tuxen D.V. Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Med. J. Aust. 1999; 170 (5): 203-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hampson N.B., Hauff N.M. Risk factors for short-term mortality from carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Crit. Care Med. 2008, 36: 2523-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hampson N.B., Hauff N.M. Risk factors for short-term mortality from carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Crit. Care Med. 2008, 36: 2523-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полозова Е.В., Шилов В.В., Богачева А.С., Давыдова Е.В. Оценка эффективности гипербарической оксигенации при острых отравлениях угарным газом. Токсикологический вестник. 2016; 3: 33-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polozova E.V., Shilov V.V., Bogacheva A.S., Davydova E.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicologocheskij vestnik. 2016; 3: 33-5. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin C.H., Su W.H., Chen Y.C., Feng P.H., Shen W.C., Ong J.R., Wu M.Y., Wong C.S. Treatment with normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen and its effect on neuropsychometric dysfunction after carbon monoxide poisoning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97 (39): e12456.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin C.H., Su W.H., Chen Y.C., Feng P.H., Shen W.C., Ong J.R., Wu M.Y., Wong C.S. Treatment with normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen and its effect on neuropsychometric dysfunction after carbon monoxide poisoning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97 (39): e12456.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casillas S., Galindo A., Camarillo-Reyes L.A., Varon J., Surani S.R. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Versus Normobaric Oxygenation Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2019; 11 (10): e5916.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casillas S., Galindo A., Camarillo-Reyes L.A., Varon J., Surani S.R. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Versus Normobaric Oxygenation Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2019; 11 (10): e5916.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леженина Н.Ф., Косоногов Л.Д., Лужников Е.А. Гипербарическая оксигенация и экстракорпоральная детоксикация в комплексном лечении энцефалопатии при острых отравлениях окисью углерода. В кн.: Лужников Е.А., ред. Неотложная клиническая токсикология: руководство для врачей. М.: Медпрактика; 2007: 562-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lezhenina N.F., Kosonogov L.D., Luzhnikov E.A. Hyperbaric oxygenation and extracorporeal detoxification in the complex treatment of encephalopathy in acute poisoning with carbon monoxide. In: Clinical Emergency Toxicology: A Guide for Physicians. Ed. by E.A. Luzhnikov [Neotlozhnaya klinicheskaya toksikologiya: rukovodstvo dlya vrachei]. Moscow: Medpraktika-M; 2007: 562-7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilmer B., Kilkenny J., Tomaszewski C., Watts J.A. Hyperbaric oxygen does not prevent neurologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2002; 9 (1): 1-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilmer B., Kilkenny J., Tomaszewski C., Watts J.A. Hyperbaric oxygen does not prevent neurologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2002; 9 (1): 1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркизова Н.Ф., Преображенская Т.Н., Башарин В.А., Гребенюк А.Н. Токсичные компоненты пожаров. СПб.: Фолиант; 2008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markizova N.F., Preobrazhenskaya T.N., Basharin V.A., Grebenyuk A.N. Toxic components of fires [Toxic components of fires]. St. Petersburg: Foliant; 2008. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weaver L.K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb. Med. 2014; 41 (4): 339-54</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weaver L.K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb. Med. 2014; 41 (4): 339-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Баринов В.А., Башарин В.А. Профилактика и медицинская помощь при отравлениях токсичными продуктами горения. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2008; 329 (3): 26-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebenyuk A.N., Barinov V.A., Basharin V.A. Prophylaxis and medical care in poisoning by toxic burning products. Voenno-medicinskii zhurnal. 2008; 329 (3): 26-32. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринов В.А., Алексанин С.С., Радионов И.А., Шантырь И.И. Ацизол в комплексе мер защиты от токсичных продуктов горения и лечения пострадавших. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2011; 1: 14-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barinov V.A., Aleksanin S.S., Radionov I.A., Shantyr’ I.I. Acizol in a complex of measures for protection against toxic combustion products and treatment of victims. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2011; 1: 14-9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Аксенова Н.В., Антушевич А.Е., Башарин В.А., Бутомо Н.В., Герасимов Д.В. и соавт. Токсикология и медицинская защита. Под ред. А.Н. Гребенюка. СПб.: Фолиант; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebenyuk A.N., Aksenova N.V., Antushevich A.E., Basharin V.A., Butomo N.V., Gerasimov D.V. et al. Toxicology and medical protection. Ed. by A.N. Grebenyuk [Toksikologiya i meditsinskaya zashchita. Pod red. A.N. Grebenyuk] St. Petersburg: Foliant; 2016. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильяшенко К.К., Лужников Е.А., Белова М.В., Леженина Н.Ф., Каштанова И.С. Первый опыт применения ацизола в комплексном лечении острых отравлений оксидом углерода. Медицина критических состояний. 2010; 3: 19-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyashenko K.K., Luzhnikov E.A., Belova M.V., Lezhenina N.F., Kashtanova I.S. The first experience of acizol using in the complex treatment of acute poisoning with carbon monoxide. Meditsina kriticheskikh sostoyaniy. 2010; 3: 19-23. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полозова Е.В., Шилов В.В., Радионов И.А. Оценка эффективности препарата ацизол при лечении острых отравлений угарным газом, осложненных термохимическим поражением дыхательных путей. Медицина критических состояний. 2010; 4: 14-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polozova E.V., Shilov V.V., Radionov I.A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the drug acizol in the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning complicated by thermochemical damage to the respiratory tract. Meditsina kriticheskikh sostoyaniy. 2010; 4: 14-8. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексанин С.С., Шантырь И.И., Радионов И.А., Харламычев Е.М. Опыт применения препарата «Ацизол» сотрудниками государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России в качестве средства сохранения профессионального здоровья. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2011; 4: 20-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksanin S.S., Shantyr I.I., Radionov I.A., Kharlamychev E.M. The experience of using the drug “Acizol” by employees of the state fire service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia as a means of maintaining professional health. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2011; 4: 20-4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильяшенко К.К., Белова М.В., Каштанова И.С. Антидотная терапия при острых отравлениях оксидом углерода. Терапевтический архив. 2012; 84 (8): 75-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyashenko K.K., Belova M.V., Kashtanova I.S. Antidote therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2012; 84 (8): 75-7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полозова Е.В., Шилов В.В., Богачева А.С., Давыдова Е.В. Оценка эффективности антидотной терапии острых тяжелых отравлений угарным газом на фоне проведения искусственной вентиляции легких. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2015; 4: 65-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polozova E.V., Shilov V.V., Bogacheva A.S., Davydova E.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of antidote therapy for acute severe carbon monoxide poisoning against the background of mechanical ventilation. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2015; 4: 65-70. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаниязов Х.Х., Нечипоренко С.П., Баринов В.А. Влияние ацизола на течение и исходы острых отравлений продуктами горения. Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2008; 3: 201-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babaniyazov Kh.Kh., Nechiporenko S.P., Barinov V.A. The effect of acizol on the course and outcomes of acute poisoning by combustion products. Vestnik Rossiyskoy voenno-meditsinskoy akademii. 2008; 3: 201-2. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урюпов О.Ю., Сумина Э.Н. Механизм противогипоксического действия соединений цинка. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 1985; 5: 578-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uryupov O.Yu., Sumina E.N. The mechanism of antihypoxic action of zinc compounds. Byulleten’ eksperimental’noy biologii i meditsiny. 1985; 5: 578-80. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Домнина Е.С., Скушникова А.И., Воронков М.Г., Урюпов О.Ю., Тиунов Л.А., Руказенков Э.Д., Чумаков В.В., Арутюнян С.И., Соколовская Т.М., Серов В.А., Жилеев В.Т. Антидот окиси углерода: патент № 2038079, 1995 Российская Федерация, МПК6 A61K 31/315. Патентообладатель: Иркутский институт органической химии. Заявлено 14.11.1988, заявка № 4502450/14. Опубликовано 27.06.1995, Бюллетень № 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domnina E.S., Skushnikova A.I., Voronkov M.G., Uryupov O.Yu., Tiunov L.A., Rukazenkov E.D., Chumakov V.V., Arutyunyan S.I., Sokolovskaya T.M., Serov V.A., Zhileev V.T. Carbon monoxide antidote. Patent No. 2038079, 1995 Russian Federation, MPK6 A61K 31/315. Patentee: Irkutsk Institute of Organic Chemistry. Stated 11/14/1988, application No. 4502450/14. Published on June 27, 1995, Bulletin No. 18. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радионов И.А., Шантырь И.И., Баринов В.А. Влияние ацизола на кинетику карбоксигемоглобина у пожарных. Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях. 2012; 2: 11-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radionov I.A., Shantyr’ I.I., Barinov V.A. The effect of acizole on the kinetics of carboxyhemoglobin in firefighters. Mediko-biologicheskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie problemy bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh. 2012; 2: 11-3. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aliev G., Li Y., Chubarev V.N., Lebedeva S.A., Parshina L.N., Trofimov B.A., Sologova S.S., Makhmutova A., Avila-Rodriguez M.F., Klochkov S.G., Galenko-Yaroshevsky P.A., Tarasov V.V. Application of Acyzol in the Context of Zinc Deficiency and Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20 (9): 2104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliev G., Li Y., Chubarev V.N., Lebedeva S.A., Parshina L.N., Trofimov B.A., Sologova S.S., Makhmutova A., Avila-Rodriguez M.F., Klochkov S.G., Galenko-Yaroshevsky P.A., Tarasov V.V. Application of Acyzol in the Context of Zinc Deficiency and Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20 (9): 2104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зобнин Ю.В., Леженина Н.Ф., Суходолова Г.Н., Зимина Л.Н., Белова М.В., Клюев А.Е., Ельков А.Н. Токсическое действие окиси углерода: Федеральные клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Ю.Н. Остапенко. М.: Ассоциация клинических токсикологов; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zobnin Yu.V., Lezhenina N.F., Sukhodolova G.N., Zimina L.N., Belova M.V., Klyuev A.E., El’kov A.N. Toxic effect of carbon monoxide: Federal clinical guidelines [Toksicheskoe deistvie okisi ugleroda: Federalnie klinicheskie rekomendacii]. Ed. by Yu.N. Ostapenko. Moscow: Association of Clinical Toxicologists; 2013. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шейман Б.С., Курик М.В., Волошина Н.А., Вакуленко Р.В., Сафронова И.А., Романча Т.Ю. Некоторые аспекты механизмов действия гемического антигипоксанта ацизола в клинической практике и эксперименте. Медицина неотложных состояний. 2013; 1: 79-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheyman B.S., Kurik M.V., Voloshina N.A., Vakulenko R.V., Safronova I.A., Romancha T.Yu. Some aspects of the mechanisms of action of the hemic antihypoxant acizol in clinical practice and experiment. Meditsina neotlozhnykh sostoyaniy. 2013; 1: 79-85. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilbur S., Williams M., Williams R., Scinicariello F., Klotzbach J.M., Diamond G.L., Citra M. Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilbur S., Williams M., Williams R., Scinicariello F., Klotzbach J.M., Diamond G.L., Citra M. Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зобнин Ю.В., Провадо И.П., Петрова А.Г., Афанасьев В.В. Опыт применения цитофлавина при остром отравлении монооксидом углерода. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2011; 9: 39-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zobnin Yu.V., Provado I.P., Petrova A.G., Afanas’ev V.V. Experience of using Cytoflavin in acute poisoning with carbon monoxide. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya. 2011; 9: 39-42. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akyol S., Gulec M.A., Erdemli H.K., Akyol O. A new therapeutic approach for carbon monoxide poisoning: Antioxidants. Toxicology. 2015; 336: 34-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akyol S., Gulec M.A., Erdemli H.K., Akyol O. A new therapeutic approach for carbon monoxide poisoning: Antioxidants. Toxicology. 2015; 336: 34-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zengin S., Yılmaz M., Al B., Yildirim C., Yavuz E., Akcali A. Therapeutic red cell exchange for severe carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Clin. Apher. 2013; 28 (5): 337-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zengin S., Yılmaz M., Al B., Yildirim C., Yavuz E., Akcali A. Therapeutic red cell exchange for severe carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Clin. Apher. 2013; 28 (5): 337-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahsavand S., Mohammadpour A.H., Rezaee R., Behravan E., Sakhtianchi R., Moallem S.A. Effect of erythropoietin on serum brain-derived biomarkers after carbon monoxide poisoning in rats. Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 2012; 15: 752-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahsavand S., Mohammadpour A.H., Rezaee R., Behravan E., Sakhtianchi R., Moallem S.A. Effect of erythropoietin on serum brain-derived biomarkers after carbon monoxide poisoning in rats. Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 2012; 15: 752-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pang L., Bian M., Zang X.X., Wu Y., Xu D.H., Dong N., Wang Z.H., Yan B.L., Wang D.W., Zhao H.J., Zhang N. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Biochem. Molecular. Toxicology. 2013; 27: 266-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pang L., Bian M., Zang X.X., Wu Y., Xu D.H., Dong N., Wang Z.H., Yan B.L., Wang D.W., Zhao H.J., Zhang N. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Biochem. Molecular. Toxicology. 2013; 27: 266-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azarov I., Wang L., Rose J.J., Xu Q., Huang X.N., Belanger A., Wang Y., Guo L., Liu C., Ucer K.B., McTiernan C.F., O’Donnell C.P., Shiva S., Tejero J., Kim-Shapiro D.B., Gladwin M.T. Five-coordinate H64Q neuroglobin as a ligand-trap antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. Sci. Transl. Med. 2016; 8 (368): 368ra173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azarov I., Wang L., Rose J.J., Xu Q., Huang X.N., Belanger A., Wang Y., Guo L., Liu C., Ucer K.B., McTiernan C.F., O’Donnell C.P., Shiva S., Tejero J., Kim-Shapiro D.B., Gladwin M.T. Five-coordinate H64Q neuroglobin as a ligand-trap antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. Sci. Transl. Med. 2016; 8 (368): 368ra173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rydzewski J., Nowak W. Photoinduced transport in an H64Q neuroglobin antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Chem. Phys. 2018; 148 (11): 115101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rydzewski J., Nowak W. Photoinduced transport in an H64Q neuroglobin antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Chem. Phys. 2018; 148 (11): 115101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose J.J., Bocian K.A., Xu Q., Wang L., DeMartino A.W., Chen X., Corey C.G., Guimarães D.A., Azarov I., Huang X.N., Tong Q., Guo L., Nouraie M., McTiernan C.F., O’Donnell C.P., Tejero J., Shiva S., Gladwin M. A neuroglobin-based high-affinity ligand trap reverses carbon monoxide-induced mitochondrial poisoning. J. Biol. Chem. 2020; 295 (19): 6357-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose J.J., Bocian K.A., Xu Q., Wang L., DeMartino A.W., Chen X., Corey C.G., Guimarães D.A., Azarov I., Huang X.N., Tong Q., Guo L., Nouraie M., McTiernan C.F., O’Donnell C.P., Tejero J., Shiva S., Gladwin M. A neuroglobin-based high-affinity ligand trap reverses carbon monoxide-induced mitochondrial poisoning. J. Biol. Chem. 2020; 295 (19): 6357-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucker D., Lu Y., Zhang Q. From mitochondrial function to neuroprotection-an emerging role for methylene blue. Mol. Neurobiol. 2018; 55 (6): 5137-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucker D., Lu Y., Zhang Q. From mitochondrial function to neuroprotection-an emerging role for methylene blue. Mol. Neurobiol. 2018; 55 (6): 5137-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao N., Liang P., Zhuo X., Su C., Zong X., Guo B., Han D., Yan X., Hu S., Zhang Q., Tie X. After treatment with methylene blue is effective against delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2018; 122 (5): 470-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao N., Liang P., Zhuo X., Su C., Zong X., Guo B., Han D., Yan X., Hu S., Zhang Q., Tie X. After treatment with methylene blue is effective against delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2018; 122 (5): 470-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roderique J.D., Josef C.S., Newcomb A.H., Reynolds P.S., Somera L.G., Spiess B.D. Preclinical evaluation of injectable reduced hydroxocobalamin as an antidote to acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015; 79 (4, Suppl. 2): S116-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roderique J.D., Josef C.S., Newcomb A.H., Reynolds P.S., Somera L.G., Spiess B.D. Preclinical evaluation of injectable reduced hydroxocobalamin as an antidote to acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015; 79 (4, Suppl. 2): S116-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладких В.Д., Иванов М.Б., Алехнович А.В., Баринов В.А., Баландин Н.В., Вершинина Г.В., Лапина Н.В., Мелихова М.В. Токсикология продуктов горения. Клинико-экспериментальные аспекты. М.: Комментарий; 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladkikh V.D., Ivanov M.B., Alekhnovich A.V., Barinov V.A., Balandin N.V., Vershinina G.V., Lapina N.V., Melikhova M.V. Toxicology of gorenje products. Clinical and experimental aspects [Toksikologiya produktov goreniya. Kliniko-eksperimental’nye aspekty]. Moscow: Kommentariy; 2020. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толкач П.Г., Башарин В.А., Гребенюк А.Н., Колобов А.А. Оценка эффективности пептида КК1 для профилактики отдаленных нарушений функций центральной нервной системы после тяжелой интоксикации оксидом углерода в эксперименте. Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии. 2015; 13 (3): 29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolkach P.G., Basharin V.A., Grebenyuk A.N., Kolobov A.A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the KK1 peptide for the prevention of long-term dysfunctions of the central nervous system after severe intoxication with carbon monoxide in the experiment. Obzory po klinicheskoy farmakologii i lekarstvennoy terapii. 2015; 13 (3): 29-34. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unlu M., Ozturk C., Demirkol S., Balta S., Malek A., Celik T., Iyisoy A. Thrombolytic therapy in a patient with inferolateral myocardial infarction after carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2016; 35: 101-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unlu M., Ozturk C., Demirkol S., Balta S., Malek A., Celik T., Iyisoy A. Thrombolytic therapy in a patient with inferolateral myocardial infarction after carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2016; 35: 101-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
