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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-16-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-568</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Принципы оценки генотоксичности углеродсодержащих наноматериалов in vitro (на примере углеродных нанотрубок) (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Principles for assessing the genotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials in vitro (on the example of carbon nanotubes) (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-5017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габидинова</surname><given-names>Гульназ Фаезовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabidinova</surname><given-names>Gulnaz Faezovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, ассистент кафедры гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский ГМУ» МЗ РФ, Казань.</p><p>e-mail: gabidinova26@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, assistant of the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: gabidinova26@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gabidinova26@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-2474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатова</surname><given-names>Гюзель Абдулхалимовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatova</surname><given-names>Gyuzel Abdulkhalimovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, 420012, г. Казань; врач по общей гигиене отдела социально-гигиенического мониторинга ФБУЗ  Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)», 420061, г. Казань</p><p>e-mail: ragura@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ragura@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya Minvagizovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Gрофессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, 420012, г. Казань</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; FBUZ «The Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Габидинова Г.Ф., Тимербулатова Г.А., Фатхутдинова Л.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Габидинова Г.Ф., Тимербулатова Г.А., Фатхутдинова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gabidinova G.F., Timerbulatova G.A., Fatkhutdinova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/568">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/568</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Вопрос генотоксического действия наноматериалов на клетки вызывает основное беспокойство при исследовании новых наноматериалов, имея в виду их безопасность. Каждый мутаген считается потенциально канцерогенным, поэтому оценка генотоксичности необходима. Однако чёткая стратегия оценки генотоксического действия наноматериалов до сих пор не разработана. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для анализа послужили источники литературы из библиографических баз PubMed, Scopus, РИНЦ. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Физико-химическую характеризацию наноматериалов проводят с помощью микроскопических методов высокого разрешения, методов светорассеяния. Перед проведением тестирования на генотоксичность необходимо знать цитотоксичность тестируемых НМ, чтобы выбрать соответствующий диапазон концентраций. Наиболее важные и значимые тесты основаны на определении жизнеспособности клеток. Популярным является МТТ-тест — колориметрический тест, оценивающий метаболическую активность клеток. Кроме него жизнеспособность можно определять с помощью микроскопии, проточной цитометрии, определения лактатдегидрогеназы. Только после предварительных этапов можно приступать к оценке генотоксичности. Набор тестов должен охватывать повреждения ДНК, генные мутации, хромосомные повреждения как чувствительные точки генотоксичности. Тест на мутацию генов млекопитающих in vitro обычно проводится с использованием клеток лимфомы мышей и выявляет широкий спектр генетических повреждений, включая делецию генов. Наиболее распространённым тестом для выявления хромосомных повреждений является анализ микроядер in vitro. Разрывы цепей ДНК чаще всего оцениваются с помощью теста ДНК-комет.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обязательными этапами изучения генотоксичности наноматериалов должны быть предварительные исследования, включающие физико-химическую характеризацию и оценку цитотоксичности, а также изучение не только конечных точек генотоксичности, но и потенциально возможных механизмов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NM) is becoming a major concern when investigating new NM for their safety. Each mutagen is considered to be potentially carcinogenic, therefore a genotoxicity assessment is necessary. However, a clear strategy for assessing the genotoxic effect of NM has not yet been developed.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The material for the analysis have included literature sources from the bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, RSCI.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Physicochemical characterization of NM is carried out using high-resolution microscopic and light scattering methods. Before testing for genotoxicity, it is necessary to know the cytotoxicity of the tested NM in order to select the appropriate concentration range. The most important and significant tests are based on the cell viability. MTT assay is a colorimetric test that evaluates the metabolic activity of cells. In addition, viability can be determined using microscopy, flow cytometry, determination of lactate dehydrogenase. Genotoxicity evaluation can be carried out only after the preliminary steps. The strategy should include genotoxicity endpoints: DNA damage, gene mutations, chromosomal damage. The in vitro mammalian gene mutation test, usually performed using mouse lymphoma cells, detects a wide range of genetic damage, including gene deletions. The most common test for detecting chromosomal damage is an in vitro micronucleus assay. DNA strand breaks are most often assessed using the comet DNA assay.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Compulsory stages in the study of the genotoxicity of nanomaterials should be preliminary studies, including physicochemical characterization and assessment of cytotoxicity, as well as the study of the endpoints of genotoxicity and potential mechanisms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>наноматериалы</kwd><kwd>углеродные нанотрубки</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>nanomaterials</kwd><kwd>carbon nanotubes</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>overview</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">[Электронный ресурс]. 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