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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36946/0869-7922-2017-2-12-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-64</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КИНЕТИКИ ЗАДЕРЖКИ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ОКСИДА ЖЕЛЕЗА В ЛЁГКИХ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ НИЗКОУРОВНЕВОЙ ИНГАЛЯЦИОННОЙ ЭКСПОЗИЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE PULMONARY RETENTION AT LONG-TERM LOW-LEVEL INHALATION EXPOSURE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацнельсон</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsnelson</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конышева</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konysheva</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шур</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shur</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyeva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский Центр коллективного пользования «Современные нанотехнологии» Уральского федерального университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Center for Shared Use «Modern Nanotechnologies», Ural Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сутункова М.П., Кацнельсон Б.А., Привалова Л.И., Гурвич В.Б., Конышева Л.К., Шур В.Я., Шишкина Е.В., Минигалиева И.А., Соловьёва С.Н., Зубарев И.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сутункова М.П., Кацнельсон Б.А., Привалова Л.И., Гурвич В.Б., Конышева Л.К., Шур В.Я., Шишкина Е.В., Минигалиева И.А., Соловьёва С.Н., Зубарев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Katsnelson B.A., Privalova L.I., Gurvich V.B., Konysheva L.K., Shur V.Y., Shishkina E.V., Minigalieva I.A., Solovyeva S.N., Zubarev I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/64">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/64</self-uri><abstract><p>Витающие наночастицы (НЧ) оксида железа Fe2O3 со средним диаметром 14±4 нч, образующиеся при искровой абляции электродов из железа 99.99% чистоты подавались в затравочную установку типа «только нос» для крыс по 4 часа в день, 5 раз в неделю на протяжении 3, 6 или 10 мес. при средней концентрации 1.14±0.01 мг/м3. Наночастицы, отфильтрованные из воздуха, отсасываемого из этой установки, оказались нерастворимыми в деионизированной воде, но постепенно растворялись в бесклеточном супернатанте жидкости, полученной при бронхоальвеолярном лаваже, и в стерильной бычьей сыворотке крови. Содержание Fe2O3 в лёгких было измерено с помощью ЭПР-спектроскопии, а факт задержки НЧ в лёгких и головном мозгу визуализирован при просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (ПЭМ). Найдено относительно низкое, но значимое накопление Fe2O3 в лёгких, постепенно нарастающее во времени, но с тенденцией к достижению равновесного уровня. При ПЭМ обнаружена задержка НЧ в альвеолоцитах и в миелиновой оболочке внутримозговых нервных волокон, связанная с их ультраструктурным повреждением. Разработана и идентифицирована многокамерная математическая модель, описывающая токсикокинетику ингалированных НЧ после отложения в глубоких дыхательных путях как процесс, контролируемый (а) их высокой способностью пенетрировать через альвеолярную мембрану; (б) активным эндоцитозом; (в) растворением «ин виво». Однако в этом конкретном исследовании именно механизмы, зависящие от растворения, оказались доминирующими из-за относительно высокой растворимости мельчайших Fe2O3-НЧ в биологических средах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Airborne Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with the mean diameter of 14±4 nm produced at spark ablation from 99.99% pure iron rods were fed into a «nose-only» exposure tower for rats exposed for 4 h a day, 5 days a week during 3, 6 or 10 months at a mean concentration of 1.14±0.01 mg/m3. Nanoparticles filtered out of the air exhausted from the exposure tower proved insoluble in de-ionized water but gradually dissolved in the cell free fluid supernatant produced by broncho-alveolar lavage and in the sterile bovine blood serum. The Fe2O3 content in lungs was measured by the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. NP retention in lungs and in brain was visualized with the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was found a relatively low but significant pulmonary accumulation of Fe2O3, gradually increasing with time but tending to attain an equilibrium level. Besides, TEM-images showed nanoparticles retention within alveolocytes and the myelin sheaths of brain fibers associated with their ultrastructural damage. A multi compartment system model was developed and identified which describes toxicokinetics of inhaled nanoparticles after their deposition in the lower airways as a process controlled by their (a) high ability to penetrate through the alveolar membrane; (b) active endocytosis; (c) in vivo dissolution. However, in this particular study, dissolution-depending mechanisms proved to be dominant due to the rather high solubility of the finest Fe2O3-NPs in biological milieux.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железооксидные наночастицы</kwd><kwd>токсикокинетика</kwd><kwd>системные модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>toxicokinetics</kwd><kwd>system modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utembe W., Potgieter K., Stefaniak A.B., Gulumian M. 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