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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-192-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGICAL TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние залеплона на метаболические изменения нейротрансмиттеров и токсические эффекты у рыбок Данио</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of zaleplon on metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Алла Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Alla Andreevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат фармацевтических наук, научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» МЗ РФ, 125284, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калёкин</surname><given-names>Роман Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalekin</surname><given-names>Roman Anatolievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор фармацевтических наук, научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» МЗ РФ, 125284, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Алевтина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Alevtina Mikhailovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат фарм. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы», Москва.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leading Researcher of Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">himija@rc-sme.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Альбина Захаровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Albina Zakharovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» МЗ РФ, 125284, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асташкина</surname><given-names>Ольга Генриховна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astashkina</surname><given-names>Olga Genrikhovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» МЗ РФ, 125284, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Andrey Leonidovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач, ГБУ г. Москвы «Центр реабилитации инвалидов «Царицыно»» Департамента труда и социальной защиты населения города Москвы, 117534, Москва, Россия.</p><p>e-mail: himija@rc-sme.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination”; FGAOU VO “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination”; FGBNU “Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology named after Academician A.P. Avtsyn” Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУЗ «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination”; GBUZ “Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination” of the Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский центр судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУ города Москвы «Центр реабилитации инвалидов "Царицыно"» Департамента труда и социальной защиты населения города&#13;
Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “Russian Center of Forensic Medical Examination”; GBU of Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of disabled people “Tsaritsyno”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волкова А.А., Калёкин Р.А., Орлова А.М., Павлова А.З., Асташкина О.Г., Павлов А.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волкова А.А., Калёкин Р.А., Орлова А.М., Павлова А.З., Асташкина О.Г., Павлов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkova A.A., Kalekin R.A., Orlova A.M., Pavlova A.Z., Astashkina O.G., Pavlov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/713">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/713</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Z-препараты представляют собой группу “небензодиазепиновых” препаратов с основным способом действия, регулирующим поведение во сне у человека посредством воздействия на ГАМК-рецепторы. Имеются сообщения, указывающие на токсические последствия передозировки и злоупотребления залеплоном. Тем не менее, информация о влиянии Z-препаратов на уровни нейротрансмиттеров скудна.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение влияния воздействия залеплона на уровни нейротрансмиттеров у личинок рыбок Данио с помощью целенаправленной метаболомики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. 4-часовое воздействие залеплона в концентрациях 0,1, 1,0, 10, 100 и 1000 мкг/л проводили на личинках рыбок Данио. Группы вмешательства сравнивались с контрольными группами. Каждая группа состояла из 20 личинок рыбок Данио. Нейромедиаторы и их метаболиты были измерены с использованием метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Были количественно определены двадцать два метаболита, связанных с нейротрансмиссией. Значительно увеличенными метаболитами были триптофан, серотонин, 5-гидроксииндолуксусная кислота, ацетилсеротонин, адреналин и холин. Значительно сниженными метаболитами были 5-гидрокситриптофан, 5-метокситриптамин, дофамин, норметанефрин, метанефрин, кинуренин, 3-гидроксикинуренин, антраниловая кислота и гамма-аминомасляная кислота.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. При изучении метаболических изменений нейротрансмиттеров и токсических эффектов у рыбок Данио были проанализированы результаты группы из 20 личинок, что представляет собой достаточную выборку для констатации полученных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Воздействие Залеплона вызывало метаболические изменения в концентрациях нейромедиаторов, связанных с большинством основных нейромедиаторных систем.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов, так как исследование проводилось на эмбрионах рыб в соответствии с SIS 33774-2016 “Тестирование химических веществ, представляющих опасность для окружающей среды. Острая токсичность эмбрионов рыб (FET)”.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов. Все соавторы внесли равнозначный вклад в исследование и подготовку статьи к публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 27 декабря 2022 / Принята в печать: 26 мая 2023 / Опубликована: 30 июня 2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Z-drugs are a group of “non-benzodiazepine” drugs with the main mode of action regulating sleep behavior in humans through exposure to GABA receptors. There are reports indicating the toxic effects of overdose and abuse of zaleplon. However, information on the effect of Z-drugs on neurotransmitter levels is scarce.</p><p>The aim of this study was to study the effect of zaleplon exposure on neurotransmitter levels in the larvae of Danio fish using targeted metabolomics.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 4-hour exposure to zaleplon in concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/l was carried out on the larvae of Danio fish. Intervention groups were compared with control groups. Each group consisted of 20 larvae of Danio fish. Neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Twenty-two metabolites associated with neurotransmission were quantified. Significantly increased metabolites were tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, acetylserotonin, epinephrine and choline. Significantly reduced metabolites were 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxytryptamine, dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykinurenine, anthranilic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Limitation. When studying metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish, the results of a group of 20 larvae were analyzed, which is a sufficient sample to state the results obtained.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Exposure to zaleplon caused metabolic changes in the concentrations of neurotransmitters associated with most major neurotransmitter systems.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents, as the study was conducted on fish embryos in accordance with SIS 33774-2016 “Testing chemicals that pose a danger to the environment. Acute toxicity of fish embryos (FET)”.</p></sec><sec><title>Author contribution</title><p>Author contribution. All co-authors made an equal contribution to the research and preparation of the article for publication.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was not sponsored.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: December 27, 2022 / Accepted: May 26, 2023 / Published: June 30, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Z-препараты</kwd><kwd>залеплон</kwd><kwd>метаболомика</kwd><kwd>рыбки Данио</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>нейротрансмисси</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Z-drugs</kwd><kwd>zaleplon</kwd><kwd>metabolomics</kwd><kwd>Danio fish</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>neurotransmission</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt J., Leong C. Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research. Drugs in R and D. 2017; 17(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40268-017-0207-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt J., Leong C. 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