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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-5-313-321</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ghmjlq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартизация критериев для интерпретации результатов оценки мутагенности в тесте Эймса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standardization of criteria for interpreting the results of mutagenicity assessment in the Ames test</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Human Well-being, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, заведующая отделом генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, DSci., Head of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Human Well-being, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilushina.na@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>313</fpage><lpage>321</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егорова О.В., Илюшина Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егорова О.В., Илюшина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorova O.V., Ilyushina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/908">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/908</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время для обоснования заключения о наличии или отсутствии мутагенной активности в тесте Эймса используют различные комбинации критериев для интерпретации результатов. В некоторых случаях при наличии слабых эффектов, особенно при оценке мутагенности пестицидов-дженериков, которые могут содержать мутагенные примеси, возможны разные выводы, в зависимости от выбранных критериев.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для стандартизации критериев интерпретации результатов в тесте Эймса использованы данные, полученные ранее при оценке мутагенной активности технических продуктов пестицидов. Исследования проводили согласно стандартному протоколу ОЭСР № 471 и ГОСТ 32376–2013 методом прямого внесения на чашку и в условиях предварительной инкубации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведена оценка применимости трех комбинаций критериев интерпретации результатов теста Эймса с использованием ранее полученных собственных экспериментальных данных. Установлено, что в качестве критериев биологической значимости результатов оценки мутагенности в тесте Эймса целесообразно использовать не только консервативный подход, основанный на правиле кратности, но и проводить сопоставление с данными диапазонов исторического отрицательного лабораторного контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Исследование ограничено оценкой результатов экспериментов, полученных при использовании стандартного чашечного теста, но не теста во флуктуационном формате.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Заключение о наличии мутагенной активности объекта испытания в тесте Эймса может быть сделано при условии удовлетворения следующих критериев: наличие статистически значимого увеличения числа ревертантов на опытных чашках по сравнению с сопутствующим отрицательным контролем; наличие зависимости «концентрация–эффект»; среднее число ревертантов как минимум для одной из тестируемых концентраций в условиях метаболической активации или без неё должно превышать верхнюю границу распределения исторического отрицательного лабораторного контроля; число ревертантных колоний на чашках с добавлением объекта испытаний должно в 2 или более раз превышать число спонтанных ревертантных колоний в отрицательном контроле для штаммов ТА97, ТА98, ТА100, ТА102 и в 3 или более раз для ТА1535; наличие воспроизводимых эффектов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует одобрения комитета по биомедицинской этике или других документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Егорова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и анализ данных литературы, написание текста; Илюшина Н.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 21 июля 2024 / Принята в печать: 20 сентября 2024 / Опубликована: 30 октября 2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, various combinations of criteria for interpreting the results are used to make a conclusion about the mutagenic activity in the Ames test. In some cases where weak effects are present, especially when evaluating the mutagenicity of generic pesticides that may contain mutagenic impurities, different conclusions are possible, depending on the criteria chosen.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. To standardize the criteria for interpreting the results in the Ames test, data obtained earlier in the assessment of the mutagenic activity of technical pesticide products were used. The studies were carried out in accordance with the OECD Standard Protocol No. 471 and State Standard (Russian: ГОСТ) 32376–2013 by direct application to the plate and under pre-incubation conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The applicability of three combinations of criteria for interpretation of Ames test results was evaluated using our own previously obtained experimental data. It was established that as criteria of biological significance of the results of mutagenicity evaluation in the Ames test it is reasonable to use not only the conservative approach based on the fold increase rule, but also to compare them with the data of the ranges of historical negative laboratory control.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to evaluating the results of experiments obtained using the standard plate test, but not the fluctuation format.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A conclusion about the presence of mutagenic activity of the test item in the Ames test can be made if the following criteria are fulfilled: the presence of a statistically significant increase in the number of revertants on the plates with the test item compared to the concomitant negative control; the presence of a concentration-effect relationship; the mean number of revertants for at least one of the concentrations tested, with or without metabolic activation, must exceed the upper limit of the distribution of the historical negative laboratory control; the number of revertants on the plates with the test item must be 2 or more times compared to that one in the negative control for TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and 3 or more for TA1535; the reproducible effects.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not need the approval of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Author contribution</title><p>Author contribution: Egorova O.V. — concept and design of the study, collecting and processing of material, writing the text; Ilyushina N.A. — concept and design of the study, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Accepted</title><p>Accepted: August 21, 2024 / Received: September 20, 2024 / Published: October 30, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мутагенность</kwd><kwd>метод оценки обратных генных мутаций на бактериях (тест Эймса</kwd><kwd>тест-система Salmonella/микросомы)</kwd><kwd>критерии интерпретации результатов</kwd><kwd>надлежащая лабораторная практика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mutagenicity</kwd><kwd>bacterial reverse mutation test (the Ames test</kwd><kwd>Sallmonella/microsome assay)</kwd><kwd>criteria for interpreting the results</kwd><kwd>good laboratory practice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron D., Ames B.N. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research. Environ. 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