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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-6-348-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">luveol</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка цитотоксического и генотоксического действия ципродинила in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cyprodinil in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горенская</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorenskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Department of Genetic Toxicology, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorenskaya.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Department of Genetic Toxicology, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Department of Genetic Toxicology, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">averyanova.ns@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-9288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котнова</surname><given-names>Алина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotnova</surname><given-names>Alina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Department of Genetic Toxicology, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotnova.ap@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, заведующая отделом генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, г. Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Genetic Toxicology, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilushina.na@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>348</fpage><lpage>356</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горенская О.В., Егорова О.В., Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П., Илюшина Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горенская О.В., Егорова О.В., Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П., Илюшина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorenskaya O.V., Egorova O.V., Averyanova N.S., Kotnova A.P., Ilyushina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/918">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/918</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ципродинил – системный фунгицид широкого спектра действия из класса анилинопиримидинов. Имеющиеся в литературе данные о генотоксичности этого пестицида противоречивы.</p><p>Цель работы – изучить цитотоксические и генотоксические эффекты ципродинила.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Мутационную активность ципродинила оценивали в тесте Эймса. Уровень фрагментации ДНК в лимфоцитах периферической крови определяли путём проведения щелочного гель-электрофореза отдельных клеток (метод ДНК-комет). Жизнеспособность клеток оценивали с помощью счётчика клеток ТС20 (BioRad). Для выяснения путей гибели клеток использовали автоматический флюоресцентный клеточный анализатор ADAMII LS (Nano Entek).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ципродинил оказывает цитотоксическое действие на клетки бактерий S. typhimurium, начиная с концентрации 1,6 мг/чашка в условиях метаболической активации и в концентрациях 0,5 мг/чашка и выше в отсутствие смеси S9. Мутагенного действия в тесте Эймса не обнаружено. Уровень разрывов ДНК лимфоцитов периферической крови (показатель «процент ДНК в хвосте комет» (%ДНКхв.)) возрастал по сравнению с контролем после культивирования в среде с ципродинилом в концентрации 100 мкг/мл в отсутствие метаболической активации. При этом от 70 до 95% клеток погибали путём апоптоза и некроза.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Исследование ограничено оценкой цитотоксичности и генотоксичности ципродинила только в тестах in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ципродинил не оказывает генотоксического эффекта. Наблюдаемое повышение уровня разрывов ДНК лимфоцитов периферической крови в условиях in vitro в присутствии ципродинила является следствием общетоксического действия, которое может приводить к разрушению клеточных структур, высвобождению ферментов, в том числе эндонуклеаз, вызывающих разрывы ДНК.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование с участием добровольцев одобрено Этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора (Протокол № 1 от 29.09.2020). Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Горенская О.В. – сбор и обработка материала, статистический анализ, написание текста; Егорова О.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, анализ результатов, написание текста; Аверьянова Н.С., Котнова А.П. – сбор материала; Илюшина Н.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ результатов, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарность</title><p>Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность компании ООО «Биолайн» и лично Эдуарду Мингазову за возможность проведения исследования по оценке цитотоксических эффектов с помощью автоматического флюоресцентного клеточного анализатора ADAMII LS, Nano Entek, полученного по договору безвозмездной аренды.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов.  Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 09 октября 2024 / Поступила после исправления: 08 ноября 2024 / Принята в печать: 12 ноября 2024 / Опубликована: 28 декабря 2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide of the anilinopyrimidine class. Available literature data on the genotoxicity of this pesticide are contradictory.</p><p>The aim of the work is to study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ciprodinil.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The mutation activity of cyprodinil was assessed in the Ames test. The level of DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by conducting alkaline gel electrophoresis of individual cells (DNA comet assay). Cell viability was assessed using a TC20 cell counter (BioRad). The ADAMII LS automated fluorescent cell analyzer (Nano Entek) was used to determine the pathways of cell death.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Cyprodinil has a cytotoxic effect on S. typhimurium bacterial cells starting from a concentration of 1.6 mg/ cup under metabolic activation conditions and at concentrations of 0.5 mg/cup and higher in the absence of the S9 mixture. No mutagenic effect was detected in the Ames test. The level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes (%, Tail Intensity) increased compared to the control after their cultivation in a medium with cyprodinil at a concentration of 100 µg/ml in the absence of metabolic activation. In this case, 70 to 95% of the cells died by apoptosis and necrosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of cyprodinil only.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cyprodinil does not have a genotoxic effect. The observed increase in the level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of cyprodinil is a consequence of the general toxic effect, which can lead to the destruction of cellular structures, the release of enzymes, including endonucleases, causing DNA breaks.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 1, September 29, 2020). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Authors contribution</title><p>Authors contribution: Gorenskaya O.V. – collecting and processing of data; statistical analysis; analysis of the results; writing the text; Egorova O.V. – concept and design of the study; collecting and processing of data; analysis of the results; writing the text; Averyanova N.S., Kotnova A.P. – the collection of data; Ilyushina N.A. – concept and design of the study; collecting and processing of data; analysis of the results; writing the text; editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>Acknowledgements. The authors express their gratitude to Bioline LLC and personally to Eduard Mingazov for the opportunity to conduct the study on the assessment of cytotoxic effects using the automatic fluorescent cell analyzer ADAMII LS, Nano Entek, obtained under a free lease agreement.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Accepted</title><p>Accepted: October 9, 2024 / Revised: November 8, 2024 / Received: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ципродинил</kwd><kwd>метод ДНК-комет</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>некроз</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты человека</kwd><kwd>тест Эймса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyprodinil</kwd><kwd>DNA-comet assay</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd><kwd>human lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>the Ames test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Масальцев Г.В., Аверьянова Н.С., Ревазова Ю.А. Мутагенность и канцерогенность пестицидов, опасность для здоровья человека. Систематический обзор. 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