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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-1-17-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">kwqnkj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-934</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка токсического повреждения печени крыс после субхронического воздействия наночастиц разной химической природы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative assessment of toxic damage to the rats’ liver after subchronic exposure to nanoparticles of different chemical nature</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, заведующая отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук., директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg</p><p>e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинова</surname><given-names>Светлана Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией промышленной токсикологии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: klinovasv@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg</p><p>e-mail: klinovasv@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinovasv@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-8527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунгурцева</surname><given-names>Александра Кирилловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kungurtseva</surname><given-names>Alexandra K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg</p><p>e-mail: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валамина</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valamina</surname><given-names>Irina Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией ЦНИЛ ГБОУ ВПО УГМУ, 620109, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: ivalamina@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg</p><p>e-mail: ivalamina@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivalamina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-9259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинова</surname><given-names>Рената Рашидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sahautdinova</surname><given-names>Renata R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат мед. наук, заведующая ДЛО НПО ДЛТ ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург</p><p>e-mail: sahautdinova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Diagnostic Laboratory Department of the Research and Production Association of Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sahautdinova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sahautdinova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промышленных предприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Клинова С.В., Кунгурцева А.К., Валамина И.Е., Сахаутдинова Р.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Клинова С.В., Кунгурцева А.К., Валамина И.Е., Сахаутдинова Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Klinova S.V., Kungurtseva A.K., Valamina I.Е., Sahautdinova R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/934">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/934</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Повышенный риск здоровью рабочих создают частицы наноразмерного диапазона, которые образуются как побочный продукт многих технологических процессов в горнодобывающей и металлургической промышленностях. Печень как центр детоксикационных процессов в организме является органом-мишенью при попадании в организм практически любых вредных химических факторов производственной среды, а их воздействие может обусловливать развитие патологических процессов в печени.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение особенностей гепатотоксического действия различных элементоксидных наночастиц (ЭО НЧ) на экспериментальной модели in vivo при субхроническом воздействии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Изучена гепатотоксичность ЭО НЧ на крысах. Были проведены 3 эксперимента при повторных внутрибрюшинных введениях наночастиц (НЧ): 1-й эксперимент – PbO, CdO, 2-й – NiO, 3-й – CuO, SeO в суммарных дозах от 4,5 до 72 мг/кг массы тела животного. В каждом из экспериментов была своя контрольная группа. НЧ были получены методом лазерной абляции из чистых металлических пластинок. Оценку гепатотоксичности у крыс проводили после окончания экспериментального периода по следующим показателям: масса печени, биохимические показатели крови, цитологический состав клеток печени и морфометрические параметры в ней.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наиболее выраженным гепатотоксическим действием из изученных наночастиц обладали НЧ NiO и НЧ CdO. Вместе с тем и эссенциальные элементы (такие как селен и медь) в форме наночастиц оксидов в изученных дозах оказывали гепатотоксическое действие.</p><p>При исследовании печени крыс после повторных внутрибрюшинных введений ЭО НЧ различной химической природы, были обнаружены негативные изменения у всех подопытных животных, наиболее выраженные при экспозиции к НЧ CdO и НЧ NiO. Выраженность биохимических изменений параметров печени не всегда соотносится со структурными нарушениями, выявляемыми гистологическими методами и методами оттискной цитологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением токсических повреждений печени только у одного вида и пола животных с помощью гистологических, цитологических и биохимических параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выраженность гепатотоксического действия изученных наночастиц (PbO, CdO, NiO, CuO, SeO) в субхроническом токсикологическом эксперименте на животных зависит от их химической природы.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Экспериментальные исследования были одобрены локальным этическим комитетом учреждения (протоколы № 2 от 01.02.2018 г., № 4 от 01.02.2018 г., № 2 от 20.04.2021 г.)</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, научное редактирование текста; Клинова С.В., Кунгурцева А.К. – сбор и обработка данных, подготовка иллюстраций, написание текста;Валамина И.Е. – гистоморфологическая оценка; Сахаутдинова Р.Р. – сбор и обработка данных, подготовка иллюстраций. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы сообщают об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 19 июня 2024 / Поступила после доработки: 27 сентября 2024 / Принята в печать: 18 декабря 2024 / Опубликована: 25 февраля 2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Nanoscale particles, which are formed as a by-product of technological processes in the mining and metallurgical industries, pose high risks to workers’ health. The liver, as the center of detoxification processes in the body, is a target organ when almost any harmful chemical factors of the production environment enter the body, and their impact can cause the development of pathological processes in the liver.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of the hepatotoxic effect of various elementoxide nanoparticles (EO NPs) on an experimental in vivo model under subchronic exposure.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We examined hepatotoxicity of EO NPs in rats in three experiments with repeated intraperitoneal injections of NPs (1) PbO and CdO, (2) NiO, (3) CuO and SeO in total doses from 4.5 to 72 mg/kg body weight. Each experiment had its own control group. NPs were synthesized by laser ablation from pure metal plates. The assessment of hepatotoxicity in rats was carried out after the end of the experimental period according to the following indicators: liver mass, biochemical parameters of blood, cytological composition of liver cells and morphometric parameters in it.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Of the NPs studied, NiO NPs and CdO NPs had the most pronounced hepatotoxic effect. At the same time, essential elements (such as selenium and copper) in the form of oxide nanoparticles at the studied doses had a hepatotoxic effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Negative changes were observed following repeated intraperitoneal injections of different element oxide nanoparticles in all experimental animals, the most pronounced being related to exposures to CdO and NiO NPs. Alterations of biochemical parameters did not always correlate with structural damages revealed by histology and imprint cytology.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to examining toxic liver injury in only one animal species and sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The severity of the hepatotoxic effect of the studied nanoparticles (PbO, CdO, NiO, CuO, SeO) in a subchronic toxicological experiment on animals depends on their chemical nature.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The experimental studies were approved by the local institutional ethics committee (protocols No. 2 of 01.02.2018, No. 4 of 01.02.2018, No. 2 of 20.04.2021).</p></sec><sec><title>Authors’ contribution</title><p>Authors’ contribution: Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P. – study concept and design, scientific editing of the text; Klinova S.V., Kungurtseva A.K. – data collection and processing, preparation of figures, writing the text; Valamina I.E. – histomorphological assessment; Sahautdinova R.R. – data collection and processing, preparation of figures. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 19, 2024 / Revised: September 27, 2024 / Accepted: December 18, 2024 / Published: February 25, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гепатотоксичность</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatotoxicity</kwd><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>experimental studies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarwar F., Malik N.R., Chow C.W., Alam K. 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