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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-2-86-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bgxhph</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-961</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная оценка биопрофилактического комплекса, направленного на повышение устойчивости к нейротоксическому действию наночастиц оксида свинца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental evaluation of a bioprophylactic complex aimed at increasing resistance to neurotoxic effects of lead oxide nanoparticles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-8593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, заведующий отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики, заведующая лабораторией промышленной токсикологии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Head of the Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никогосян</surname><given-names>Карен Мерсопович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikogosyan</surname><given-names>Karen M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-8527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунгурцева</surname><given-names>Александра Кирилловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kungurtseva</surname><given-names>Alexandra K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора,620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрунина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrunina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ekaterina_b89@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ekaterina_b89@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina_b89@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенева</surname><given-names>Влада Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bateneva</surname><given-names>Vlada A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, г. Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bateneva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant at the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bateneva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bateneva@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский-научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Кунгурцева А.К., Петрунина Е.М., Батенева В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., Кунгурцева А.К., Петрунина Е.М., Батенева В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minigalieva I.A., Nikogosyan K.M., Sutunkova M.P., Kungurtseva A.K., Petrunina E.M., Bateneva V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/961">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/961</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ранее на базе ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП были успешно экспериментально апробированы биопрофилактические комплексы, повышающие устойчивость организма против общетоксического, цитотоксического, генотоксического действия наночастиц тяжёлых металлов. Вместе с тем имеющиеся собственные данные и данные мировой литературы об особом нейротоксическом действии наночастиц свинца диктуют необходимость разработки и экспериментальной апробации биопрофилактического комплекса, направленного на снижение дисфункции нервной системы.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработка и экспериментальная апробация биопрофилактического комплекса, направленного на повышение устойчивости организма к нейротоксическому действию наночастиц оксида свинца.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Объектом исследования стали белые аутбредные крысы-самки с начальной массой тела около 270 г, по 14 животных в каждой группе. Ингаляционную экспозицию моделировали с использованием НЧ PbO размером 18,2 ± 4,2 нм в концентрации 1,55 ± 0,06 мг/м3 5 дней в 1-ю неделю по 4 ч в день в течение 4 недель.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ данных, полученных при оценке поведенческих реакций животных после ингаляционной экспозиции к НЧ PbO, выявил статистически значимое увеличение количества пересеченных квадратов, заглядываний в норки и отрывов передних лап от поверхности платформы. При гистоморфометрической оценке некоторых структур головного мозга крыс в группе животных, которые подвергались воздействию НЧ PbO, заметно снизилась толщина коры мозжечка. В препаратах зубчатого ядра мозжечка крыс в экспонированной свинцом группе наблюдали достоверное увеличение числа дегенеративно измененных нейронов и тенденцию к увеличению безъядерных нейронов. При этом в группе, принимавшей биопрофилактический комплекс на фоне ингаляционного воздействия НЧ оксида свинца аналогичные показатели стремились в сторону контрольных значений, что свидетельствует о снижении токсического эффекта мерами биологической профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. В исследовании не изучалось воздействие НЧ оксида свинца на крыс-самцов аналогичного возраста и массы. Не были оценены половые различия описанных токсических эффектов НЧ оксида свинца и протекторных эффектов биопрофилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Под влиянием биопротекторного комплекса было показано ослабление нейротоксических эффектов ингаляционного воздействия наночастиц свинца на экспериментальных животных.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование выполнено в соответствии с International guiding principles for biomedical research involving animals (the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, the International Council For Laboratory Animal Science, 2012). Работа одобрена Локальным независимым этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (Протокол ЛЭК № 5 от 16.10. 2023 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Минигалиева И.А. – научное редактирование; Никогосян К.М. – проведение эксперимента, написание текста; Сутункова М.П. – консультирование, научное редактирование; Кунгурцева А.К. – проведение эксперимента, гистологические методики; Петрунина Е.М. – гистологические методики; Батенева В.А. – проведение эксперимента, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 27.09.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 01.11.2024 / Принята в печать: 25 февраля 2025 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. We have already conducted successful experimental testing of bioprophylactic complexes increasing the body resistance to the general toxic, cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects of heavy metal nanoparticles at the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers. At the same time, both our findings on specific neurotoxic effects of lead nanoparticles and data from the world literature necessitate the development and testing of a bioprophylactic complex aimed at reducing dysfunction of the nervous system.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Development and experimental testing of a bioprophylactic complex aimed at increasing the body resistance to neurotoxic effects of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Material and method. The objects of the study were outbred female albino rats with the initial body weight of about 270 g, 14 animals per group. Inhalation exposure was simulated using PbO NPs of 18.2 ± 4.2 nm in size at a concentration of 1.55 ± 0.06 mg/m3, 4 hours a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis of data obtained during the assessment of post-exposure behavioral reactions of the rodents revealed a statistical increase in the number of squares crossed, head-dipping and rearing behaviors. The histomorphometric assessment of some structures of the rat brain showed a significant decrease in the thickness of the cerebellar cortex in the group of animals exposed to PbO NPs. In the preparations of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum of the exposed rats, we observed a statistical increase in the number of degenerated neurons and a tendency towards an increase in the number of anucleate neurons. At the same time, in the group administered the bioprophylactic complex (hereinafter referred to as BPC) parallel to PbO NP inhalation exposure, similar indicators tended towards the control values, thus indicating mitigation of the toxic effect by bioprophylactic components.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study did not investigate the effects of lead oxide PM on male rats of similar age and weight. Sex differences in the described toxic effects of lead oxide PM and the protective effects of bioprophylaxis were not assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The bioprotective complex mitigated neurotoxic effects of inhalation exposure to lead nanoparticles on the experimental animals.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the “International guiding principles for biomedical research involving animals” (the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, the International Council For Laboratory Animal Science, 2012). The work was approved by the Local Independent Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers is a Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 5 dated 16.10.2023). </p></sec><sec><title>Author contributions</title><p>Author contributions: Minigalieva I.A. – scientific editing; Nikogosyan K.M. – conducting the experiment, writing the text; Sutunkova M.P. – consulting, scientific editing; Kungurtseva A.K. – conducting the experiment, histologic examination; Petrunina E.M. – histologic examination; Bateneva V.A. – conducting the experiment, writing the text. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Accepted</title><p>Accepted: September 27, 2024 / Revised: November 5, 2024 / Accepted: February 25, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>биопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>bioprophylaxis</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumková J., Smutná T., Vrlíková L., et al. Sub-chronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles revealed their broad distribution and tissue-specific subcellular localization in target organs. 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