toxreviewТоксикологический вестникToxicological Review0869-79223034-4611Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-2-108-115chcbdjtoxreview-964Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGYХимическая безопасность пищевых продуктов: новые вызовы и пути их решения (обзор литературы)Chemical safety of food products: problems and solutions (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-9921РусаковВладимир НиколаевичRusakovVladimir N.

Кандидат мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Московская область, Россия

e-mail: rusakov.vn@fncg.ru

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Food Hygiene Department, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Russian Federation

e-mail: rusakov.vn@fncg.ru

rusakov.vn@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-6776СеткоАндрей ГеннадьевичSetkoAndrey G.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделом гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Московская область, Россия

e-mail: Setko.AG@fncg.ru

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Food Hygiene Department, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Russian Federation

e-mail: Setko.AG@fncg.ru

Setko.AG@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-8475НемоваОльга АлександровнаNemovaOlga A.

Младший научный сотрудник отдела гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Московская область, Россия

e-mail: nemova.oa@fncg.ru

Junior Researcher at the Food Hygiene Department, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Rospotrebnadzor, 141014, Mytishchi, Russian Federation

e-mail: nemova.oa@fncg.ru

nemova.oa@fncg.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияF.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, RospotrebnadzorRussian Federation202530042025332108115Copyright © Русаков В.Н., Сетко А.Г., Немова О.А., 20252025Русаков В.Н., Сетко А.Г., Немова О.А.Rusakov V.N., Setko A.G., Nemova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/964Введение

Введение. Химические загрязнители пищевой продукции, воздействуя на здоровье человека, являются серьезной проблемой здравоохранения. В то же время третья цель устойчивого развития Организации Объединённых Наций (ООН) направлена на существенное сокращение заболеваний, вызванных химическим загрязнением к 2030 г.

Цель исследования – анализ данных литературы для выявления приоритетных проблем загрязнения пищевой продукции химическими контаминантами и поиск путей решения.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Изучены научные статьи и обзоры с использованием информационных порталов eLIBRARY.ru, Sciencedirect, PubMed и Scopus.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлено, что к актуальным проблемам химической безопасности пищевых продуктов следует отнести их загрязнение остатками пестицидов, нитритами и нитратами, токсичными элементами, стойкими органическими загрязнителями, микотоксинами и фикотоксинами. Продукты миграции из тары и упаковки, а также микропластик по-прежнему являются источником загрязнения пищевых продуктов. Не потеряли своей актуальности проблемы фальсификации и выявления незаявленных в маркировке веществ.

Заключение

Заключение. Обеспечение химической безопасности пищевой продукции требует совершенствования нормативной и методической базы для оценки безопасности и контроля качества, что предусматривает мониторинг загрязнения пищевого сырья и пищевой продукции химическими контаминантами, оценку риска воздействия новых контаминантов и разработку высокочувствительных методов их обнаружения и идентификации, включая экспресс-тестирование.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением открытых литературных источников при описании проблем, связанных с химической безопасностью пищевых продуктов.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Русаков В.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Сетко А.Г. – написание текста, редактирование; Немова О.А. – редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов интересов.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила в редакцию

Поступила в редакцию: 15 октября 2024 / Поступила после доработки: 28 февраля 2025 / Принята в печать: 28 февраля 2025 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2025

Introduction

Introduction. Chemical pollutants in food affect human health, which is becoming a very serious health problem and corresponds to the third UN Sustainable Development Goal, which aims to significantly reduce diseases caused by chemical pollution by 2030.

The purpose of the study was to identify, according to the scientific literature, priority problems of contamination of food products with chemical contaminants, which are currently of scientific and practical importance, and to outline ways to solve them.

Material and methods

Material and methods. A scientific review of studies in Russian and English was carried out using the information portals eLIBRARY.ru, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus. The search was conducted using the keywords “current problems of chemical food safety”, “chemical contaminants of food”, “pesticides”, “nitrates”, “mycotoxins”, “persistent organic pollutants”, “phycotoxins”, “new food source”.

Results

Results. It has been established that the current problems of chemical safety of food products include their contamination with pesticide residues, nitrites and nitrates, mycotoxins, toxic elements, persistent organic pollutants. One of the problems is the detection and identification of emergent and modified (masked) mycotoxins. Seafood may contain dangerous substances – phycotoxins. Phycotoxins can cause both acute poisoning and long-term negative effects, including carcinogenic. Food packaging can also be a source of contamination of food products. Microplastics should be considered as a new growing contaminant of food products. The emergence of new types of food represents a modern problem of chemical safety. The problem of falsification and detection of substances not declared in the labeling is still relevant.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Ensuring the chemical safety of food products can be achieved by improving the regulatory and methodological framework for assessing the safety and quality control of food products. This also includes monitoring the contamination of food raw materials and food products with chemical contaminants, assessing the risk of exposure to new contaminants and developing highly sensitive methods for their detection and identification, including rapid testing.

Limitations

Limitations. The study is limited to the study of open literature sources when describing problems related to chemical safety of food products.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Аuthors’ сontribution

Аuthors’ сontribution: Rusakov V.N. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text; editing; Setko A.G. – writing text; editing; Nemova O.A. – editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and the approval of the final version of the article.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Accepted

Accepted: October 15, 2024 / Revised: February 28, 2025 / Accepted: February 28, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.