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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">toxreview</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Токсикологический вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicological Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7922</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-4611</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2025-33-2-116-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">nkqpzj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">toxreview-965</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Токсифицирующие спирты: статистика отравлений, механизм токсического действия (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxifying alcohols: statistic of poisoning, mechanism of toxic action (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1199-1780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зюкина</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyukina</surname><given-names>Darya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант направления токсикология кафедры фармацевтической химии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава России, 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: darya.zyukina@spcpu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: darya.zyukina@spcpu.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.zyukina@spcpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-1023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрелова</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strelova</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой фармацевтической химии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава России, 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: olga.strelova@pharminnotech.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: olga.strelova@pharminnotech.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.strelova@pharminnotech.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-194X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенюк</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenyuk</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры фармацевтической химии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава России, 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург; профессор кафедры мобилизационной подготовки здравоохранения и медицины катастроф ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: grebenyuk_an@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Health Protection and Disaster Medicine, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: grebenyuk_an@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grebenyuk_an@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зюкина Д.А., Стрелова О.Ю., Гребенюк А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зюкина Д.А., Стрелова О.Ю., Гребенюк А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zyukina D.A., Strelova O.Y., Grebenyuk A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/965">https://www.toxreview.ru/jour/article/view/965</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Отравления спиртами представляют собой важную социальную и медицинскую проблему. Наибольшие сложности возникают при отравлениях спиртами, токсичность которых возрастает при их биотрансформации в организме.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для анализа послужили источники литературы, реферированные в библиографических базах PubMed, Scopus, РИНЦ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что метанол и этиленгликоль и в XXI веке остаются одной из причин массовых отравлений с тяжёлыми последствиями. Массовые отравления метанолом регистрируются в разных странах мира практически ежегодно и, как правило, сопровождаются высокой летальностью. Этиленгликоль, который недобросовестные производители использовали в составе ряда лекарственных средств, был причиной нескольких массовых отравлений детей. Приведены законодательные и нормативные документы различных стран, ограничивающие применение метанола и этиленгликоля в производстве промышленных и коммерческих продуктов. Дана токсикологическая характеристика метанола и этиленгликоля, сведения об их токсичности, токсикокинетике, биотрансформации в организме. Показано, что механизм токсического действия метанола связан, в первую очередь, с его токсичными метаболитами – формальдегидом и муравьиной кислотой. Токсическое действие этиленгликоля также определяется продуктами его метаболизма – гликолевым альдегидом, глиоксалем, гликолевой и глиоксиловой кислотами. Метаболиты метанола и этиленгликоля способны оказывать повреждающее действие на клетки, вызывая митохондриальную дисфункцию, индуцируя процессы перекисного окисления липидов, истощая систему глутатиона, что приводит к развитию нарушений во многих биохимических системах.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Обзор подготовлен на основе изучения 56 источников литературы. 55 источников опубликованы за период с 2001 по 2024 г., что представляет собой достаточно референтную выборку. Кроме того, следует отметить неоспоримую ценность источника 1904 года, как отправной точки для исследования причин и последствий интоксикации метиловым спиртом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отравления метанолом и этиленгликолем характеризуются высокой летальностью и тяжёлым течением интоксикации из-за образующихся в процессе метаболизма токсичных метаболитов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Зюкина Д.А. – сбор, обработка и анализ материала, написание текста; Стрелова О.Ю. – анализ материала, редактирование; Гребенюк А.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ материала, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила в редакцию</title><p>Поступила в редакцию: 22 декабря 2024 / Поступила после доработки: 20 февраля 2025/ Принята в печать: 25 февраля 2025 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Alcohol poisoning is an important social and medical problem. The greatest difficulties arise in poisoning by alcohols, the toxicity of which increases during their biotransformation in the body.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Literature sources abstracted in PubMed, Scopus, and Russian Science Citation Index bibliographic databases served as the material for analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is shown that methanol and ethylene glycol remain one of the causes of mass poisoning with severe consequences in the XXI century. Mass poisonings with methanol are registered in different countries of the world almost annually and, as a rule, are accompanied by high lethality. Ethylene glycol, which unscrupulous manufacturers used in the composition of a number of medicines, was the cause of several mass poisonings of children. Legislative and regulatory documents of different countries limiting the use of methanol and ethylene glycol in the production of industrial and commercial products are given. Toxicological characterization of methanol and ethylene glycol, information about their toxicity, toxicokinetics, biotransformation in the body is given. It is shown that the mechanism of toxic effect of methanol is primarily associated with its toxic metabolites – formaldehyde and formic acid. The toxic effect of ethylene glycol is also determined by the products of its metabolism – glycol aldehyde, glyoxal, glycolic and glyoxylic acids. Methanol and ethylene glycol metabolites are capable of damaging cells, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing lipid peroxidation processes, depleting the glutathione system, which leads to the development of disorders in many biochemical systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The review is based on a study of 56 literature sources. 55 sources were published from 2001 to 2024, which is a fairly reference sample. In addition, it should be noted the indisputable value of the 1904 year source as a starting point for investigating the causes and consequences of methyl alcohol intoxication.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Poisoning with methanol and ethylene glycol is characterized by high mortality and severe intoxication due to toxic metabolites formed during metabolism.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a conclusion from the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Authors’ contributions</title><p>Authors’ contributions: Zyukina D.A. – collection of material in bibliographic databases, processing and analysis of the material, writing the text; Strelova O.Yu. – analysis of the material, editing; Grebenyuk A.N. – concept and design of research, analysis of the material, editing. All co-authors are responsible for approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no financial support.</p></sec><sec><title>Accepted</title><p>Accepted: December 20, 2024 / Revised: February 20, 2025 / Accepted: February 25, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спирты</kwd><kwd>метанол</kwd><kwd>этиленгликоль</kwd><kwd>отравление</kwd><kwd>механизм действия</kwd><kwd>токсичные метаболиты</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohols</kwd><kwd>methanol</kwd><kwd>ethylene glycol</kwd><kwd>poisoning</kwd><kwd>mechanism of action</kwd><kwd>toxic metabolites</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassanian-Moghaddam H., Zamani N. A Brief Review on Toxic Alcohols: Management Strategies. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2016; 10(6): 344–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassanian-Moghaddam H., Zamani N. 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