Универсальность феномена «нейротоксичность» (обзор литературы)

Введение. Нейротоксическое действие рассматривается как один из вариантов токсичности многих ксенобиотиков. Нейротоксические эффекты развиваются не только при отравлениях, но и при воздействии биологических (например, возбудители инфекционных заболеваний) и физических (например, ионизирующие и неионизирующие излучения) факторов.

Материал и методы. Предметом анализа явился феномен нейротоксичности. Информация получена посредством изучения баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, РИНЦ. 

Результаты. Отмечено отсутствие единого определения понятия «нейротоксикант». Кроме химических веществ нейротоксичностью обладают и иные факторы: биологические, физические. Механизмы нейродегенерации при воздействии нейротоксикантов с различными механизмами действия сходны и включают эксайтотоксичность, нейровоспаление, подавление функции митохондрий, угнетение процессов нейрогенеза и глиогенеза, оксидативный стресс, повышение проницаемости ГЭБ и апоптоз. Представленные особенности позволяют говорить о наличии универсальности феномена «нейротоксичность».

Заключение. При рассмотрении феномена «нейротоксичность» возникают определённые сложности. Не до конца сформулировано чёткое представление об этиологических факторах данного явления. Не создана всеобъемлющая классификация нейротоксикантов. При этом процессы нейродегенерации весьма сходны при отравлениях нейротоксикантами с различными механизмами действия, что доказывает универсальность феномена «нейротоксичность»

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