ОСНОВНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ «ИН ВИВО» С НЕКОТОРЫМИ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИМИ И МЕТАЛЛО-ОКСИДНЫМИ НАНОЧАСТИЦАМИ

В статье обобщены основные результаты токсикологических экспериментов на крысах, проведенных авторами путём либо однократной интратрахеальной инстилляции, либо повторных внутрибрюшинных введений наночастиц (НЧ) серебра, золота, оксидов железа, меди, никеля и марганца в стабильных водных суспензиях без каких-либо химических добавок. Найдено, что эти НЧ значительно более токсичны как на клеточном, так и на органо-системном уровне по сравнению со своими микрометровыми и даже субмикронными двойниками. Однако зависимость органо-системной токсичности от размера частиц внутри нанометрового диапазона является неоднозначной, завися от взаимно переплетенных и часто противоположно направленных соотношений между собственно биологической агрессивностью конкретных НЧ, с одной стороны, и сложными механизмами управления их токсикокинетикой, с другой. Наши данные свидетельствуют о высокой активности лёгочного фагоцитоза отложившихся в дыхательных путях НЧ, что указывает на принципиальную возможность безопасных уровней экспозиции к ним. Рассматривается подход к установлению временных нормативов такого воздействия, основанный на 10-15-кратном снижении величин, установленных для соответствующих микрометровых промышленных аэрозолей.

Найдено, что на фоне действия адекватно составленной комбинации некоторых биологически активных агентов (включая пектин, поливитамин-полиминеральные препараты, некоторые аминокислоты и НЭЖК класса омега-3) системная токсичность и генотоксичность металлосодержащих НЧ могут быть заметно ослаблены.

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