Contemporary combat combined chemical injures

Introduction. The share of combined effects of mechanical, thermal and infectious damage with chemical poisoning in accidents of various chemical industries, burning of plastics and petroleum products has been significantly increased by cases of damage during combat operations in the zone of special military operation.
Material and methods. A retrospective comparative analysis of patients with isolated and combined chemical trauma admitted to a first-level hospital.
Results. Combined injuries in the flow of intoxicated patients entering first-level medical institutions account for 13.7%. The etiology of chemical injury in such victims corresponds to isolated chemical damage; at that, injuries by irritants, organic acids, alkalis and detergents form the basis. The presence of contusions or a wound process promotes early seeking of medical help and hospitalization compared to isolated poisonings. The basis of toxic injuries was the pathology of the bronchopulmonary system and laryngopharyngeal mucosa. Acid burns of the mucous membrane manifested on the second or third day postexposure. The occurrence of severe multi-focal pulmonitis after poisoning with organic and mineral alkalis and detergents aggravates the course of traumatic shock and early purulent complications of mechanical trauma. The pronounced necrotizing effect was noted during local exposure of toxicants present on the ammunition fragments.
Limitations. The results of studies of chemical injury cases do not apply to categories of civilians and workers of chemical industry enterprises and provide for events during the performance of combat and combat training missions.
Conclusion. The injuries’ variety determines the need to formulate a syndromic diagnosis for setting treatment tactics and evacuation purpose of the injured.

irritants, cauterizing agents, detergents, combined fragmentation-chemical injuries

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